纺织学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (10): 183-191.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220404509

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

纤维基自供能电子皮肤的构建及其应用性能研究进展

吕晓双1, 刘丽萍2, 俞建勇3, 丁彬3, 李召岭1,3()   

  1. 1.东华大学 纺织学院, 上海 201620
    2.青岛市产品质量检验研究院, 山东 青岛 266061
    3.东华大学 纺织科技创新中心, 上海 201620
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-13 修回日期:2022-07-05 出版日期:2022-10-15 发布日期:2022-10-28
  • 通讯作者: 李召岭
  • 作者简介:吕晓双(1997—),女,博士生。主要研究方向为纤维基压力传感器及智能电子皮肤。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(52073051);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51873030)

Fabrication and application research progress of fiber-based self-powered electronic skins

LÜ Xiaoshuang1, LIU Liping2, YU Jianyong3, DING Bin3, LI Zhaoling1,3()   

  1. 1. College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    2. Qingdao Product Quality Testing Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China
    3. Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2022-04-13 Revised:2022-07-05 Published:2022-10-15 Online:2022-10-28
  • Contact: LI Zhaoling

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摘要：

本文结合触觉传感型电子皮肤的组成结构,首先介绍了常用构筑材料的种类、性能特点及制备工艺,然后针对致密的薄膜基和橡胶基电子皮肤透气性差,长期穿戴易导致皮肤刺痒等问题,概述了可呼吸纤维材料作为电子皮肤基底层、电极层和传感层所具有的独特优势。其次,介绍了压电式和摩擦电式电子皮肤的触觉传感原理,不仅可以实现实时的压力响应,还可收集环境中的机械能转化为电能来实现自供能,有利于制备微型、轻量、柔性的可穿戴器件。最后,从制备方法、性能表征和功能应用等方面系统总结了近年来纤维基自供能电子皮肤在运动监测、医疗检测等多个领域的应用进展,并深入探讨了目前存在的问题与未来的发展方向。

关键词: 电子皮肤, 纤维材料, 自供能, 压电, 摩擦电, 智能纤维

Abstract:

This review introduces the categories, characteristics, and preparation processes for constructing materials with applications for electronic skins, from the perspective of composition structure of the electronic skins with tactile sensing capability. The compelling features of breathable fiber materials serving as substrate layer, electrode layer, and sensing layer in electronic skins were highlighted, in view of the poor air permeability of current dense film-based and rubber-based electronic skins that easily lead to itching during long-term wearing. The working mechanisms of piezoelectric and triboelectric electronic skins were introduced, which are not only able to achieve real-time pressure sensing response, but also able to harvest the ambient mechanical energy and convert it into electricity to power themselves. These are conducive to the fabrication of miniatured, lightweight, and flexible wearable devices. The research progresses in fiber-based self-powered electronic skins in the fields of motion monitoring and medical detection were comprehensively summarized in terms of preparation methods, performance characterizations, and practical applications. The existing challenges and future development directions of fiber-based self-powered electronic skins were extensively discussed.

Key words: electronic skin, fiber material, self-powered, piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, smart fiber

中图分类号: 

  • TP212

表1

导电电极层的分类与比较"

导电电极层 代表材料 优点 缺点
金属 Au、Ag、Cu、Al及其纳米线、纳米棒等 高导电率、机械稳定性好、易于加工 柔性差、易于氧化和生锈
碳材料 CB、石墨烯、rGO、CNTs 高导电率、纳米多孔结构、机械稳定性好 溶液分散性差、结构不易控制
导电聚合物 PEDOT、PEDOT:PSS、PANI、PPy 良好的柔性、易于溶液加工处理 成本高、导电率低、稳定性差

表2

活性传感层的分类与比较"

传感层 分类 代表材料 优点 缺点
压电材料 压电陶瓷 BTO、ZnO、PZT 压电常数高、
强度高、化学惰性		 柔性差、硬而脆 选材单一、能量
转化效率低
压电聚合物 PVDF、P(VDF-TrFE) 柔性好、易于加工 压电常数小
摩擦电材料 摩擦电正性材料 乙基纤维素、聚酰胺 选材范围广、能量转化效率高 灵敏度低
摩擦电负性材料 PTFE、PVDF
PDMS

图1

常用材料的摩擦电序列"

图2

压电传感原理"

图3

纤维基压电式电子皮肤"

图4

摩擦电式传感原理"

图5

纤维基摩擦电式电子皮肤"

图6

纤维基压电-摩擦电混合式电子皮肤"

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