纺织学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (03): 227-235.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20230202302

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

点击化学在功能纺织品制备中的应用研究进展

方进, 张广知(), 徐珍珍   

  1. 安徽工程大学 纺织服装学院, 安徽 芜湖 241000
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-13 修回日期:2023-12-22 出版日期:2024-03-15 发布日期:2024-04-15
  • 通讯作者: 张广知
  • 作者简介:方进(1991—),男,助教,硕士。主要研究方向为功能纺织品的设计与开发。

Research progress in applied research on click chemistry for preparation of functional textiles

FANG Jin, ZHANG Guangzhi(), XU Zhenzhen   

  1. School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
  • Received:2023-02-13 Revised:2023-12-22 Published:2024-03-15 Online:2024-04-15
  • Contact: ZHANG Guangzhi

摘要:

为进一步推动点击化学技术在纺织品领域的应用进程,就近年来国内外在点击化学制备功能纺织品方面的相关研究和发展现状进行了综述。简要介绍了点击化学的基本概念及其在纺织品表面功能修饰方面的优势;阐述了利用点击化学技术制备功能纺织品的方法及分类,包括巯基-烯、巯基-环氧、巯基-卤素、巯基-异氰酸酯、巯基-马来酰亚胺以及叠氮-炔等;重点围绕点击化学在制备疏水、抗菌、电磁屏蔽、环境响应以及防毡缩等不同类型功能纺织品中的作用机制和优缺点进行了探讨。分析了通过点击化学手段制备功能纺织品的发展潜力和局限性;并针对当前点击化学在制备功能纺织品方面所面临的问题,提出了可能的解决方案,以期为点击化学在纺织品领域的广泛应用提供理论支持和技术参考。

关键词: 点击化学, 功能纺织品, 疏水, 阻燃, 抗菌, 防皱, 电磁屏蔽

Abstract:

Significance Click chemistry is a novel synthetic chemistry method that allows the rapid and reliable chemical synthesis of various molecules in a short period of time through the stitching of small units to obtain required functions. Click chemistry provides a powerful and efficient tool for the rapid synthesis and precise modification of functional textiles and shows great potential and advantages in the preparation of functional textile materials. A detailed review of recent research on click chemistry for preparation of functional textiles would be helpful to promote the application of click chemistry to textiles and further explore the potential of click chemistry and broaden its application in other fields, such as hydrophobic, antibacterial, and other speciality-functional textiles.

Progress Despite the short history, click chemistry has made some progress in the field of textiles with its unique advantages. By means of click chemistry, functional monomers or polymers can be cleverly grafted onto the surface of textile fibers to impart specific functionalities, thus improving the functional durability that is lacking in the traditional "pad-dry-cure" processing method. The main types of functionalized surface modification of textile materials by click chemistry are thiol-ene, thiol-epoxides, thiol-halogens, thiol-isocyanates, and thiol-maleimides and azide-alkynes. The reaction mechanism of each type of click chemistry is listed, which provides more possibilities for the preparation of functional textiles. The functional textiles constructed by click chemistry in the current literature can be broadly classified into types such as superhydrophobic, antibacterial, electromagnetic shielding, environmentally responsive (shape memory, pH responsive and photochromic), anti-felt shrinkage, anti-wrinkle, conductive, moisture wicking and photocatalytic. Most of the functional textiles prepared based on click chemistry in the literature mainly focus on superhydrophobic fabrics, and the raw materials used are mainly acrylic (fluorine) esters, long-chain thiols, siloxanes, and mixtures containing both fluorine and silicon, and all of them show good functionality, durability, and chemical and mechanical stability.

Conclusion and Prospect The development of ecologically safe and high value-added functional textiles using high technology is an important future development of the textile industry. Efficient click reactions make it possible to modify carriers with multiple functional groups at the same time, providing a feasible way to design and construct multifunctional textiles. However, there are limitations at this stage that still need research attention. Click chemistry-based research is still at the experimental stage and has not yet achieved large-scale practical application or industrialization, and the occurrence of click chemistry requires the participation of specific reactive groups, and the modification of reactive groups on textile materials is tedious and time-consuming. The types of click chemistry reactions are relatively few, and most of the reported reactions are azide-alkyne cycloaddition and thiol-ene addition reactions, and the efficiency of click chemistry in grafting functional monomers on textiles is low. In addition, click reactions may have different effects on fabric whiteness, stiffness and other taking indexes, and thiols have unpleasant odor, which will undoubtedly limit their applications. Therefore, in view of the above problems, there is an urgent need to develop more economical, efficient, green, and safe types of click chemistry reactions, so that click chemistry can be studied more deeply in the field of textiles. It is believed that there is still a great deal of related work to be explored in the future, with the main challenges focusing on designing more novel functional textiles, optimizing the modification of reactive groups and reducing the impact on the properties of textiles themselves, developing more specialized types of reactions, improving the bonding efficiency of functional molecules, preparing greener and safer precursor substances for reactions, and improving and accommodating the multifunctionality of textile materials.

Key words: click chemistry, functional textile, hydrophobic, flame retardant, antibacterial, anti-wrinkle, electromagnetic shielding

中图分类号: 

  • TS195

图1

硫醇类点击化学的反应机制"

表1

不同材料制备的疏水纺织品的效果"

材料 接触角
(水)
滚动角
(水)
接触角
(油)
参考文献
3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙基甲基丙烯酸酯、n-十二烷基硫醇 161±2 [6]
甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯 163.5±1 7±2 [14]
甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯、ZnO 156.3 6 [15]
甲基丙烯酸十三氟辛酯 154 7 [16]
全氟辛基甲基丙烯酸酯、TiO2 157.7 4 [17]
全氟辛基乙基丙烯酸酯 152.4±1 7±1 [18]
甲基丙烯酸十八酯 150.1 0 [20]
甲基丙烯酸十八酯、TiO2 156.2 0 [21]
全氟十二烷基硫醇 142 [22]
n-十二烷基硫醇 156 [23]
十八烷基硫醇 163.8 3.47 [24]
乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、十八烷基硫醇 161 8 [25]
巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基封端聚二甲基硅氧烷 154±0.4 14±0.5 [26]
乙烯基封端聚二甲基硅氧烷 156 2 [27]
甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷改性SiO2/Fe3O4 156 [28]
长链烷基硫醇、乙烯基聚倍半硅氧烷 149.2 13 [29]
甲基丙烯酸-庚异丁基聚倍半硅氧烷 159 7 [30]
巯基-PDMS、八乙烯基聚倍半硅氧烷 165.5 2 [31]
蓖麻油基硫醇化低聚物、八乙烯基聚倍半硅氧烷、疏水性SiO2 159.6±1.8 7.5 [32]
八乙烯基聚倍半硅氧烷 142.2 [33]
多官能度氟硅树脂T-FAS 168 4 [34]
全氟癸硫醇氟硅氧烷聚氨酯 158.2 128.3 [35]
八乙烯基聚倍半硅氧烷、全氟十二烷基-1-硫醇 163.5 7.6 120.1 [36]

表2

不同材料制备的抗菌纺织品的效果"

材料 抑菌率/% 参考文献
对大肠
杆菌
对金黄色
葡萄球菌
2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵 99 [37]
二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵 99 99 [37]
2,2’-双(甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基二甲基溴化铵-1,1’-苄基) 97 97 [37]
2,2’-双(甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基二甲基溴化铵-1,1’-苄基) 94.2 90.1 [38]
3-烯丙基-5,5’-二甲基海因 100 99.95 [39]
(E)-1-((4-(烯丙氧基)苄基)氨基)咪唑烷酮-2,4-二酮 97.83 94.83 [40]
银/水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯 99.99 99.99 [41]
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