纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (07): 253-261.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20241205802

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

以相变包为冷源的冷却服研究进展

罗玉玲1, 杨喜竹1, 王星岚1, 郑晓慧2, 赵胜男3, 常素芹1()   

  1. 1 北京服装学院 材料设计与工程学院, 北京 100029
    2 国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室, 北京 100191
    3 际华集团股份有限公司系统工程中心, 北京 102627
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-26 修回日期:2025-03-23 出版日期:2025-07-15 发布日期:2025-08-14
  • 通讯作者: 常素芹(1977—),女,副教授,博士。主要研究方向为个体防护服装的设计及性能评价。E-mail: csqdlut@163.com。
  • 作者简介:罗玉玲(2000—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为个体防护服装的设计及性能评价。
  • 基金资助:
    北京学者计划项目(RCQJ20303)

Review on research progress of cooling garments with phase-change packages as cold source

LUO Yuling1, YANG Xizhu1, WANG Xinglan1, ZHENG Xiaohui2, ZHAO Shengnan3, CHANG Suqin1()   

  1. 1 School of Material Design and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
    2 State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 100191, China
    3 Systematic Engineering Center of Jihua Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 102627, China
  • Received:2024-12-26 Revised:2025-03-23 Published:2025-07-15 Online:2025-08-14

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摘要：

针对相变冷却服设计过程中冷却速率低、衣内微气候湿度大、冷却时效短、工况选择不完善等常见问题,对国内外诸多研究方法进行综述。从衣内微气候舒适度的影响因素出发,分别从相变材料、冷却服结构优化(相变包)、使用工况3个方向分析讨论。分析认为:相变冷却服的研究设计需要围绕使用工况(包括作业环境、人体活动水平)这个关键点,根据衣内微气候舒适度需求对相变材料的性能进行优化,并在服装结构上对冷源结构(相变包)进行改良。未来可以通过开发具有高相变潜热和高热导率的复合相变材料来提高服装的冷却效率,再结合人体工效学来改善人体热湿舒适性,使相变冷却服在冷却效果、热湿舒适性、成本等综合效能评价达到最优。

关键词: 功能服装设计, 相变冷却服, 相变材料, 热湿舒适性, 衣内微气候, 相变包

Abstract:

Significance Phase-change cooling garments are a special functional clothing, which use phase-change materials (PCM) at a specific temperature can change their physical status to absorb or release a significant amount of heat, so as to regulate the comfortable temperature of the clothing microclimate between clothing and the human body. Phase-change cooling garments can effectively improve the conventional liquid cooling and gas cooling garments in terms of large volume, high cost, liquid leakage, explosion, restricted application places, and other related issues.

Progress Despite the many advantages of phase-change cooling garments, problems still exist, such as low cooling rate, high humidity in the microclimate of the garment, short cooling time, and imperfect selection of working conditions. Comprehensive national and international latest research status suggests that the microclimate inside the garments directly affects the human body thermal comfort, and the influencing factors range from phase-change cooling garments, cooling garments structural optimization, and the use of working conditions. In order to keep the microclimate temperature regulated by the cooling garments at (32±1) ℃, relative humidity at (50±10)%, and air velocity at (25±5) cm/s within the standard climate range, phase-change materials are the core structure in the phase-change cooling garments.

The main factors that influence the final use of the cooling suit are the operating environment and human activity level. In order to optimize the overall performance of the cooling suit, the influence of the environment and human activity level on its performance should be considered. In order to select the optimal cooling material, the physical parameters of the PCM, such as phase-change temperature, latent heat of change, thermal conductivity, and so on, should be taken into account. Solutions to common problems of cooling garments are identified through the structural design of the phase-change package cold source system, with their advantages and disadvantages. Phase-change cooling garments address common issues in cooling garment solutions through the structural design of the cold source system, and analyze their advantages and disadvantages:

Low cooling rate of cooling garments: modifying phase change materials to improve thermal conductivity can enhance the cooling rate, but the development process is cumbersome and time-consuming. Additionally, adjusting the temperature gradient (the difference between skin temperature and the melting point of the PCM) can also improve the cooling rate; however, this approach may not be suitable for situations requiring long-term cooling.

High humidity in microclimate: While combining phase change garments with desiccants has an excellent dehumidification effect, it poses a potential heating issue that reduces the cooling duration. Mixing phase change garments with vortex tubes can improve the microenvironment's humidity, but the large size of vortex tubes makes movement inconvenient. Introducing a micro-fan can effectively mitigate humidity problems, but its effectiveness diminishes when the skin temperature equals the external environment temperature. Utilizing moisture-absorbent fabrics can efficiently reduce microenvironment humidity in the short term, but prolonged wear limits its efficacy.

Short cooling duration: adjusting the structure of the packaging layer can extend cooling time to some extent, but only until the phase change package becomes ineffective. Combining different melting points of phase change materials can prolong the cooling duration, although this increases the thickness of the phase change package, which affects wearing comfort. Integrating various cooling mechanisms allows for the recyclability of the phase change package, but results in a larger volume, limiting application to certain insulated areas. Vortex tubes combined with phase-change cooling garments are restricted to specific locations due to these limitations.

Conclusion and Prospect Phase-change cooling garments need to be designed against the working environment. Under the conditions of determining the temperature, humidity, wind speed, and radiation intensity of the working conditions, and according to the comfort needs of the microclimate inside the garment, the existing problems of phase-change cooling garments are solved from the selection of phase change materials, cold source design, and garment structure in three directions, so as to ensure that phase-change cooling garments with the cooling performance, comfort, cost, and other aspects of the optimal effect. The future research focus of phase-change cooling garments includes. (1) Development of a phase-change material with high storage energy (high latent heat of phase change) and high heat absorption efficiency (high thermal conductivity); (2) Integration PCM with melting points with ergonomics for different parts of the human body with the difference in temperature sensitivity; (3) When selecting working conditions, factors such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and radiation need to be considered to ensure that the cooling performance of the cooling garments is optimized during use.

Key words: functional garment design, phase-change cooling garment, phase-change material, thermal-moisture comfort, clothing microclimate, phase-change package

中图分类号: 

  • TS941.17

图1

相变冷却服冷源结构设计图 注:1—外层衣物;2—PCM;3—网眼口袋层;4—人体皮肤;5—隔热层。"

表1

PCM不同的包装方式及优缺点"

包装材料 优点 缺点
铝箔 导热性良好,传热快 较薄易破,导致材料泄露
TPU TPU有更好的柔韧性和耐用性,不容易被刺破 导热性较差,冷却速度变慢
TPU+聚
氨酯		 聚氨酯提供额外的绝缘效果,延长冷却时效 减少接触面积,降低冷却功率

图2

内部使用高吸水纤维的相变冷却服结构示意 注:1—相变包;2—温度报警器;3—网格透气层;4—吸附吸湿层;5—冷却服外表面。"

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