不同聚乳酸材料的性能对比

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20240300101

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为进一步揭示国内外产聚乳酸(PLA)性能间的差异,选用国内外某公司生产的聚乳酸粒料和有益母粒为研究对象,借助凝胶渗透色谱仪、光学显微镜、自动旋光仪、X射线衍射仪、黏度仪、流变仪、热重分析仪、熔融指数仪表征2种粒料的分子量、表面形貌及光学纯度、结晶度、熔体流变性能及热稳定性间的差异。结果显示:国外某公司生产的聚乳酸平均分子量及其分布、结晶度、光学纯度优于国内某公司产品,其热稳定性略优于国内某公司产品,且国外某公司聚乳酸产品表现出更高的储能模量、损耗模量和复数黏度和更优异的加工性能。该研究结果可为我国的PLA加工提供参考。

关键词: 聚乳酸, 结晶结构, 母粒, 结晶程度, 流变性能, 热稳定性

Abstract:

Objective Against the background of global climate and environmental deterioration caused by excessive CO₂ emission and other factors, the development of a low-carbon recycling economy has become a global consensus. As a biodegradable green material, polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the important materials that can be adopted to address the environmental pollution. However, the performance of PLA varies greatly among different brands. This study compares the properties of PLA produced by China and America companies.

Method PLA masterbatch (PLA FY from a domestic manufacturer, PLA-NW from an oversea manufacturer) was put into a beaker containing deionized water and washed by ultrasonic cleaning for 30 min, and then put into an oven for drying at 45 ℃ for 6 h. The dried PLA masterbatch was put into a beaker and sealed and stored for use. Then, the differences between the molecular weight, surface morphology and optical purity, crystallinity, melt rheological properties and thermal stability of the granules provided by the two manufacturers were evaluated by gel permeation chromatography, optical microscope, automatic polarimeter, X-ray diffractometer, viscometer, rheometer, thermogravimetric analyzer, and melt indexer.

Results From the gel chromatographic analysis, the molecular mass distribution curves of the two PLA masterbatches were generaly similar, and both existed as single peaks, and the values of number-average molecular weight (M_n) (41 755 g/mol), weight-average molecular weight (M_w) (105 887 g/mol), Z-average molecular weight (M_z) (183 764 g/mol), and peak molecular weight (M_p) (99 581 g/mol) of PLA-NW were higher than those of PLA-FY. The molecular weight distribution index of PLA-NW (M_w/M_n=2.535 9) is lower than that of PLA-FY (M_w/M_n=2.658 4), which indicates that the molecular mass distribution of PLA-FY is wider. The surface of PLA-NW is relatively much rougher. The multi-sample statistics show that the diameter of PLA-FY is (4.477 2±0.102 5) mm, and that of PLA-NW is (5.100 6±0.098 5) mm, in the long direction. PLA-FY has an optical purity of 97.85%, whereas PLA-NW has an optical purity of 105.6%. In addition, both PLA-NW and PLA-FY are typical type-α crystals, indicating the typical orthorhombic crystal structure of PLA. The characteristic viscosity of PLA-NW (140.898 mL/g) is higher than that of PLA-FY (112.749 mL/g). The decomposition temperatures of PLA-NW at 5% and 50% weight loss were higher than that of PLA-FY, while the temperature T_t (387.30 ℃) of PLA-NW at the termination of decomposition was higher than that of PLA-FY at the termination of decomposition (378.23 ℃). Its temperature at the maximum decomposition rate (T_max=371.79 ℃) was also higher than that of PLA-FY (T_max=363.73 ℃). PLA-NW showed better thermal stability. In addition, the melt index of PLA-FY was always greater than that of PLA-NW. In general, the higher the melt index, the lower the molecular weight, the lower the temperature resistance, and the less difficulty the processing. This further confirms that the temperature resistance of PLA-NW is better than that of PLA-FY.

Conclusion This paper selects two types of spinning-grade PLA masterbatch manufactured domestically and abroad, and analyzes the performance of the two types of PLA granules through a series of characterization tests. The molecular weight of PLA-NW is slightly higher than that of PLA-FY, and the molecular weight distribution of PLA-NW is more uniform. Also, the crystallinity, optical purity, thermal stability and rheological properties of PLA-NW are better than that of PLA-FY.

Key words: polylactic acid, crytalline structure, masterbatch, degree of crystallization, rheology property, thermal stability

中图分类号:

TQ323.41

乔思杰, 邢桐贺, 童爱心, 史芷丞, 潘恒, 刘可帅, 余豪, 陈凤翔. 不同聚乳酸材料的性能对比[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(03): 27-33.

QIAO Sijie, XING Tonghe, TONG Aixin, SHI Zhicheng, PAN Heng, LIU Keshuai, YU Hao, CHEN Fengxiang. Comparison of properties of different polylactic acid materials[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(03): 27-33.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20240300101

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I03/27

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试样名称	旋光度	比旋光度	光学纯度/%
PLA-NW	-0.367 3	-170.1	105.60
PLA-FY	-0.235 3	-157.5	97.85

试样名称	结晶度/%	出峰位置/(°)
试样名称	结晶度/%	位置1	位置2	位置3	位置4
PLA-NW	58.11	15.19	17.04	19.41	22.63
PLA-FY	54.44	15.05	16.84	19.20	22.44

试样名称	T₅/℃	T₅₀/℃	T_t/℃	T_max/℃
PLA-NW	326.33	364.20	387.30	371.79
PLA-FY	323.18	356.63	378.23	363.73