超疏水自清洁结构色织物的制备及其性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20240405401

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为获得具有特殊功能的结构色织物以拓展其应用,利用合成的不同粒径的SiO₂微球,采用雾化沉积法在聚丙烯酸酯(PA)黏合剂预处理的涤纶织物表面形成结构色,将聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)超疏水整理剂借助喷涂法处理结构色织物。探讨了不同SiO₂微球粒径对结构色显色性能的影响,测定了PDMS处理后结构色织物的疏水性能和自清洁性能,并对结构色织物的色牢度、柔软性和透气性进行测定。结果表明:不同粒径的SiO₂微球可在涤纶织物上形成深蓝色、蓝色、墨绿色、绿色和粉红色5种不同颜色的结构色;经PDMS处理后的结构色织物静态水接触角和滚动角分别可以达到152.5°和6.5°,表现出了优异的超疏水性能,同时结构色织物具有自清洁的功能,且PDMS处理不会对结构色织物的颜色产生明显影响;经PA黏合剂预处理的结构色织物具有良好的耐水洗、耐摩擦色牢度;经PDMS处理后结构色织物的柔软性和透气性相比于原织物略有降低,但不会对其服用性能产生明显的影响。

关键词: SiO₂微球, 结构色, 疏水性能, 自清洁性能, 色牢度, 涤纶织物, 功能纺织品

Abstract:

Objective Functional structural color can not only produce bright colors, but also provide special functions, which has been widely studied in recent years. In this study, polyacrylate binder and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) superhydrophobic finishing agent were used to treat SiO₂ microspheres structural colored fabrics to prepare structural colored fabrics with high color fastness, superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning function. This study is expected to provide experimental basis for the development of structural colored fabrics with bright color, superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning functions.

Method SiO₂ microspheres with different particle sizes were synthesized using Stober method with tetraethyl silicate and ammonia as raw materials by adjusting the amount of solvent anhydrous ethanol. A polyester fabric was pre-treated with polyacrylate (PA) before SiO₂ microspheres were atomized and deposited on the pre-treated polyester fabric to prepare structural colored fabric. Following this, the fabric was treated with PDMS. The effects of SiO₂ microspheres with different particle sizes on the color properties of structural colors were investigated. The hydrophobic and self-cleaning properties of structural colored fabrics were investigated. The colorfastness, air permeability and softness of the structural colored fabrics were also tested.

Results Five types of SiO₂ microspheres with different particle sizes (218, 233, 240, 259 and 301 nm) were synthesized adopting the Stober method. SiO₂ microspheres were assembled into short-range ordered and long-range disordered amorphous photonic crystals on the surface of polyester fabric by atomization deposition to obtain dark blue, blue, dark green, green and pink structural colored fabrics. After PDMS treatment, the position of the reflectance peaks of the five structural colors did not change, indicating that PDMS treatment did not affect the color tone of the structural colors. The reflectance peak of the structural colored fabrics after PDMS treatment was less than 0.97% compared with that before treatment, indicating that PDMS treatment would not have a significant effect on the color of the structural colored fabric. The static contact angle and rolling angle of the structural colored fabric after PDMS treatment reached 152.5°and 6.5°, respectively, indicating that the structural colored fabric after PDMS treatment has excellent superhydrophobic properties. The common liquid droplets in our daily life can maintain the spherical shape on the surface of the structural colored fabric after PDMS treatment, indicating excellent self-cleaning properties of the PDMS treated structural colored fabrics. The reflectance peak of the structural colored fabrics after washing was only 0.35% lower than that before washing. The results showed that the structural colored fabric had good washing fastness. The reflectance peak of the structural colored fabric decreased by only 0.42% after rubbing, and the color of the structural colored fabric did not change significantly, indicating that the structural colored fabric had good rubbing fastness. After PDMS treatment, the air permeability of the structural colored fabric decreased slightly, and the bending length and flexural rigidity increased slightly compared with the original fabric, suggesting that PDMS treatment had little effect on the softness and air permeability of the structural colored fabric.

Conclusion In this study, five types of SiO₂ microspheres with different particle sizes were successfully prepared by adjusting the amount of anhydrous ethanol in the synthesis process. Accordingly, five different structural colors of dark blue, blue, dark green, green and pink were formed on the polyester fabric by atomization deposition method. With the increase of the particle size of SiO₂ microspheres, the color of the structural colored fabric demonstrated a significant red shift. The structural colored fabrics treated with PDMS obtain excellent superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning properties. Due to the introduction of PA binder, the structural colored fabrics gwere endowed with good washing and rubbing colorfastness, whereas the wearability of the treated structural colored fabric was not significantly affected. This study provides an experimental basis for the development of structural colored fabrics with bright colors, superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning functions.

Key words: SiO₂ microsphere, structural color, hydrophobic property, self-cleaning property, color fastness, polyester fabric, functional textile

中图分类号:

TS193.6

赵祥璐, 方寅春, 李伟. 超疏水自清洁结构色织物的制备及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(04): 154-161.

ZHAO Xianglu, FANG Yinchun, LI Wei. Preparation and properties of superhydrophobic self-cleaning structural color fabrics[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(04): 154-161.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20240405401

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I04/154

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试样	硬挺度(经向)				透气率/ (mm·s^-1)
试样	弯曲长度/cm	抗弯刚度/ (mN·cm)	弯曲长度/cm	抗弯刚度/ (mN·cm)	透气率/ (mm·s^-1)
原织物	4.57	2.22	5.12	2.47	40.486±1.70
结构色织物	4.91	2.35	5.28	2.58	27.964±0.21