基于废旧亚麻织物的超弹性气凝胶制备及其性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20240603201

纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (04): 47-55.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240603201

基于废旧亚麻织物的超弹性气凝胶制备及其性能

张文丽¹^,², 刘鑫¹^,², 张俏俏¹^,², 支超¹^,², 李建伟²^,³, 樊威¹^,²()

1.西安工程大学纺织科学与工程学院, 陕西西安 710048
2.西安工程大学功能性纺织材料及制品教育部重点实验室, 陕西西安 710048
3.西安工程大学材料工程学院, 陕西西安 710048

收稿日期:2024-06-13 修回日期:2024-11-18 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-06-11
通讯作者: 樊威(1986—),男,教授,博士。主要研究方向为三维纺织复合材料结构与性能、废旧纺织品高值化利用、智能纤维及智能可穿戴、安全防护用纺织品等方面。E-mail:fanwei@xpu.edu.cn。
作者简介:张文丽(1998—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为废旧纺织品高值化利用。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52073224);陕西省杰出青年科学基金项目(2024JC-JCQN-03);西安市科技局先进制造业技术攻关项目(21XJZZ0019)

Preparation and properties of hyperplastic aerogel based on waste linen fabrics

ZHANG Wenli¹^,², LIU Xin¹^,², ZHANG Qiaoqiao¹^,², ZHI Chao¹^,², LI Jianwei²^,³, FAN Wei¹^,²()

1. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
2. Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
3. School of Materials Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China

Received:2024-06-13 Revised:2024-11-18 Published:2025-04-15 Online:2025-06-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对气凝胶材料制备成本高、强度低、韧性低和结构稳定性较弱的问题,对废旧麻织物进行回收再利用,将获取的亚麻纤维进行预处理后获得分散良好的纤维悬浮液,运用冷冻干燥、高温交联的研究方法制备纤维素气凝胶,并对其形貌、弹性和隔热性能进行分析与研究。结果表明:当悬浮液中纤维溶液质量分数为0.2%时,所制备的亚麻纤维素气凝胶质量轻且弹性好,密度仅为5.13 mg/cm³,在50%形变压力下循环压缩60次后,其仍可回复至初始形状。同时,亚麻纤维素气凝胶还具有优良的隔热性能,可在80 ℃的加热台上长久保持温度在53 ℃,导热率为(0.038 2 ± 0.000 2)W/(m·K)。

关键词: 亚麻纤维, 气凝胶, 冷冻干燥, 超弹性, 隔热, 废旧亚麻织物再利用

Abstract:

Objective Aerogel is a solid material with an extremely low density that can fulfill various demands, including fireproofing, waterproofing, heat insulation and sound insulation. However, the current problem of high preparation costs, low strength, low toughness, and weak structural stability due to their preparation costs have seriously limited their promotion and application. To address this issue, cellulose aerogels were created using recycled fibers from reprocessed wast linen fabrics. The linen fibers were pre-treated to obtain a well-dispersed fiber suspension, followed by freeze-drying and high-temperature cross-linking.

Method The mixture of polyamide epoxy resin (PAE) with a mass fraction of 0.3% and pretreated linen fiber with water with a mass fraction of 0.1%-0.4% was first stirred in a magnetic stirrer at a speed of 300 r/min for 8 h at room temperature to obtain a well-dispersed fiber suspension. Then it was poured into a plastic mold and then placed into a freeze dryer at a temperature of -80 ℃ for freeze drying. Finally, the freeze-dried samples were put into a vacuum drying oven at a temperature of 120 ℃ and a pressure of half an atmosphere for 3 h.

Results The density test showed that as the mass fraction of linen fibers increased from 0.1% to 0.4%, and the average density of cellulose aerogel increased from 4.78 mg/cm³ to 5.75 mg/cm³. The unidirectional compression test showed that as the mass fraction of linen fibers increased from 0.1% to 0.4%, and the average degree of recovery of cellulose aerogel after unidirectional compression decreased from 88.9% to 86.7%. The cyclic compression test showed that when the number of cyclic compressions was increased from 0 to 60 times, the height of deformation recovery of the cellulose aerogel increased as the mass fraction of linen fibers was increased from 0.1% to 0.2%. However, the deformation recovery height of cellulose aerogels gradually decreased as the mass fraction of linen fibers continued to increase from 0.2% to 0.4%. The morphological characterization showed that before uncompressed, the pore size of the aerogels with 0.1% and 0.2% mass fraction of linen fibers was uniform, and the reticular structure was more complete in comparison with the aerogels with 0.3% and 0.4% mass fraction of linen fibers. After compression, the reticular structure and holes of the aerogel with a mass fraction of 0.4% of linen fibers were the most severely damaged, while the other aerogels with different mass fractions of linen fibers all maintained relatively intact reticular structures and cavities, with the aerogel with a mass fraction of 0.2% of linen fibers having the best structural retention. As can be seen from the thermal insulation performance test, the linen fiber mass fraction of 0.2%, the thickness of 10 mm of the aerogel in the 80 ℃ heating table, the heating time of 5 min within the temperature of the aerogel appeared to decline. The temperature of the aerogel can be maintained at 53 ℃ for a long time after the heating time is more than 5 min. As shown by the thermal conductivity test, the thermal conductivity of the cellulose aerogel gradually increased with the increase of the mass fraction of linen fiber from 0.1% to 0.4%, in which the thermal conductivity of the aerogel with the mass fraction of linen fiber of 0.1% was the lowest, reaching (0.038 2 ± 0.000 2)W/(m·K).

Conclusion In this study, aerogels with different characteristics were prepared by adjusting the concentration of linen fiber, thus changing the density of linen fiber aerogel. Compared with the high-density aerogel, the low-density aerogel has more uniform and dense pores, and the air filled in the pores can effectively reduce the thermal conductivity of the aerogel, realizing the excellent performance of aerogel thermal insulation. This will promote the development of linen fiber aerogel in the field of thermal insulation.

Key words: linen fiber, aerogel, freeze drying, super elasticity, thermal insulation, reuse of waste linen fabric

中图分类号:

TS102.6

张文丽, 刘鑫, 张俏俏, 支超, 李建伟, 樊威. 基于废旧亚麻织物的超弹性气凝胶制备及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(04): 47-55.

ZHANG Wenli, LIU Xin, ZHANG Qiaoqiao, ZHI Chao, LI Jianwei, FAN Wei. Preparation and properties of hyperplastic aerogel based on waste linen fabrics[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(04): 47-55.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20240603201

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I04/47

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纤维溶液质量分数/%	横向			纵向
纤维溶液质量分数/%	原始高度/cm	压缩高度/cm	回复程度/%	原始高度/cm	压缩高度/cm	回复程度/%
0.1	1.8	1.6	88.9	2.3	2.05	89.1
0.2	1.8	1.61	89.4	2.3	2.08	90.4
0.3	1.8	1.57	87.2	2.3	2.03	88.3
0.4	1.8	1.56	86.7	2.3	2.01	87.4

文献	导热系数/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)	材料
[31]	0. 060	大麻
[32]	0.592	导热环氧树脂/石墨烯
[33]	0.056	二氧化硅
[34]	0.060	羽绒纤维
[35]	0.042	羧基纤维素
[36]	0.043	氮化硼纤维
[37]	0.052	甘蔗渣
[38]	0.057	废竹纤维
本文结果	0.038 2±0.000 2	废旧亚麻

基于废旧亚麻织物的超弹性气凝胶制备及其性能

Preparation and properties of hyperplastic aerogel based on waste linen fabrics

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