碳纳米管功能纤维的可控制备与性能调控研究进展

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20241202402

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳纳米管纤维因其优异的物理和化学性能,在纤维传感器、纤维储能器件、柔性电子及显示器件等领域具有广泛的应用潜力。为充分利用和开发单根碳纳米管的本征优异性能,综述了碳纳米管纤维的可控制备和功能化策略。碳纳米管纤维的可控制备技术包括湿法纺丝技术、阵列抽丝技术、以及目前主流应用的浮动催化直接纺丝技术,其功能化策略包括与其它功能材料的复合及多级结构设计;介绍了碳纳米管纤维在传感、储能等领域的应用进展,碳纳米管纤维在物理传感器、化学传感器等领域均得到了研究与应用,在储能领域可作为超级电容器和电化学电池的电极;最后总结了碳纳米管功能纤维领域面临的科学和技术挑战,对其未来的发展方向进行了讨论与展望。

关键词: 碳纳米管纤维, 可控制备方法, 性能调控, 多级结构设计, 传感器件, 储能器件

Abstract:

Significance Carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs), as macroscopic materials assembled from aligned individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have garnered significant attention by virtue of their exceptional physical and chemical properties, such as high strength, high thermal conductivity, flexibility, and electrical conductivity. These characteristics make CNTFs highly promising for applications in fiber sensors, energy storage devices, and flexible electronics. However, challenges in the controlled fabrication and functionalization of CNTFs hinder their broader application. This review systematically explores the preparation methods and performance regulation strategies of CNTFs, summarizes recent advancements across multiple fields, and outlines future directions and challenges in this area.
Progress CNTFs retain the remarkable properties of individual CNTs on a macroscopic scale, making them suitable for a wide range of advanced applications. Various fabrication techniques, such as wet spinning, array drawing, and floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition, have been developed to assemble CNTs into fibers. However, these methods face challenges, including insufficient CNT length, poor alignment and the presence of defects and impurities, limiting the full realization of their intrinsic properties. Post-treatment techniques, such as pressing, stretching, and twisting, have been employed to enhance the alignment and mechanical properties of CNTFs, achieving tensile strengths up to 9.6 GPa and electrical conductivities of 1.06×10⁷ S/m. Compared to conventional metal and polymer fibers, CNTFs exhibit superior performance in terms of tensile strength, Young's modulus, conductivity, thermal conductivity, surface area, and flexibility. These advantages make CNTFs highly promising for applications in flexible electronics, sensors, and wearable devices.
Conclusion and Prospect Significant progress has been made in the synthesis techniques and performance optimization of CNTFs in recent years. However, critical challenges, such as defect control, efficient large-scale production, and the development of novel functionalization strategies, remain to be addressed. Future research should focus on scalable production while maintaining high material quality and performance. Additionally, more advanced methods for performance tuning will further promote the development of CNTFs in flexible electronics, energy storage devices, and other applications. As a novel type of functional material, CNTFs hold great promise for future advancements.

Key words: carbon nanotube fiber, controlled synthesis method, performance regulation, multi level structure design, sensor, energy storage device

中图分类号:

TQ127

李润, 常梓洋, 张如范. 碳纳米管功能纤维的可控制备与性能调控研究进展[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(05): 30-40.

LI Run, CHANG Ziyang, ZHANG Rufan. Review of controlled synthesis and performance regulation of functional carbon nanotube fibers[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(05): 30-40.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20241202402

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I05/30

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