纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (05): 41-48.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20250104302

• 特约专栏: 智能纤维与织物器件 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于接触起电效应的新型机电转化纤维性能提升策略

陈枭1, 赵继忠1,2, 董凯1,2()   

  1. 1.中国科学院 北京纳米能源与系统研究所, 北京 101400
    2.中国科学院大学 纳米科学与工程学院, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-06 修回日期:2025-02-05 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-06-18
  • 通讯作者: 董凯(1989—),男,研究员,博士。主要研究方向为基于摩擦电效应新型机电转化纤维材料的优化设计、性能提升、规模制备和集成应用。E-mail:dongkai@binn.cas.cn。
  • 作者简介:陈枭(1998—),女,硕士。主要研究方向为摩擦纳米发电机材料改性。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(22109012);北京市自然科学基金项目(L222037);北京市自然科学基金项目(2212052);中国博士后科学基金项目(2024M753175);中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目(GZC20232612);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(E1E46805)

Strategies for enhancing performance of novel mechano-electric conversion fibers based on contact electrification effect

CHEN Xiao1, ZHAO Jizhong1,2, DONG Kai1,2()   

  1. 1. Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
    2. School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2025-01-06 Revised:2025-02-05 Published:2025-05-15 Online:2025-06-18

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摘要：

机电转化纤维(MECFs)是一类将新兴的接触或摩擦起电技术与传统的可穿戴纤维或纺织材料相结合,具有突出的自主式供电或自驱动传感功能的新型智能纤维材料。然而,MECFs的大面积制备和规模化应用受到其能量转化效率低和输出功率密度低等性能瓶颈的限制。为充分挖掘MECFs的性能潜力并发挥其在面向人体可穿戴应用中的优势,详细探讨了MECFs的电输出性能提升策略,包括材料选择与改性、结构设计、能量管理与优化;其中,聚合物材料本征性质是主导MECFs机电转化性能的关键因素之一,可以从化学、物理角度进行改性处理;MECFs的多维纤维或织物结构设计能够增加起电材料之间的有效接触面积,从而能够提升界面电荷转移量。同时,为满足人体表面长周期、可持续稳定供能需求,需对纤维进行低功耗、微型化能量管理,将MECFs的高压低流、高阻抗的交流输出形式转变为可穿戴电子设备所需要的稳压稳流、阻抗匹配的直流需求形式。最后,简要总结MECFs在自供能可穿戴传感技术中的应用并展望了其未来发展的趋势。MECFs的研究与应用目前正处于快速发展阶段,未来需结合材料改性、结构优化和能量管理等策略,推动其向高性能可穿戴供能或传感设备迈进。

关键词: 接触起电, 机电转化纤维, 摩擦纳米发电机, 能源管理, 多维结构设计, 智能纺织品

Abstract:

Significance Mechano-electric conversion fibers (MECFs) represent a development in smart fiber materials, merging the novel field of triboelectric technologies with conventional wearable fibers and textiles. This integration enhances the functionality of autonomous power supply for wearable electronics. The significance of MECFs also lies in their potential to revolutionize smart sensing, including healthcare, sports, and personal electronics, by providing a sustainable self-powered sensing signals. However, the realization of MECF's potential faces challenges such as low energy conversion efficiency and output power density. Addressing these limitations is crucial for unlocking MECF's capabilities in energy supplements and human-body wearable applications, where reliable and continuous power supply is essential for the effective operation of sensors and other electronic devices. This research underscores the importance of enhancing electrical output performance through innovative material selection, structural design, and energy management strategies, paving the way for more efficient and versatile wearable devices.
Progress Recent advancements in MECFs have made significant strides towards overcoming the inherent limitations of these materials, particularly focusing on improving their mechanical-electric conversion performance. A key area of progress involves the selection and modification of polymer materials, whose intrinsic properties are pivotal in determining MECF's overall efficiency. By applying chemical and physical modifications, researchers have been able to adjust or enhance the material components, surface characteristics and conductivity of polymers, thereby increasing their ability to generate electricity from mechanical movements. Another critical development has been the introduction of multidimensional fiber or fabric structures designed to maximize the effective contact area between electrification materials. These designs not only increase the amount of interfacial charge transfer but also improve the durability and flexibility of MECFs, making them more suitable for integration into wearable devices. Furthermore, addressing the need for long-term, sustainable power supply on human surfaces, advanced power management systems is also essential. These systems convert the MECF's high-voltage, low-current alternating current (AC) output typical into a regulated direct current (DC) form, ensuring compatibility with wearable electronics while minimizing energy loss. Such innovations have demonstrated the feasibility of MECFs in self-powered wearable sensing technologies, highlighting their potential for broader applications and marking a significant advancement in the field.
Conclusion and Prospect The culmination of current research efforts indicates substantial progress in enhancing the performance of MECFs, yet challenges remain regarding their practical application and scalability. Material research should focus on developing new polymers through surface grafting, component doping, and microstructure design to achieve higher charge density and stable output performance while maintaining flexibility and comfort for long-term wear. Structural optimization has shown that three-dimensional (3-D) MECFs hold greater potential than traditional two-dimensional (2-D) fabrics by virtut of increased contact area, improved charge transfer efficiency, stability, and protective capabilities, which are crucial for high-performance applications. Additionally, bio-inspired designs, multifunctional integration, and personalized customization via 3D printing can enhance the versatility and user experience of MECFs. Intelligent voltage regulation systems capable of dynamically adjusting to input voltage and current changes will further optimize MECFs performance. Looking forward, MECF's application in healthcare monitoring, human-machine interaction, and smart homes showcases their immense potential when combined with IoT and AI technologies. Overall, future developments in material innovation, structural optimization, and power management are set to propel MECFs towards smarter, more flexible solutions, offering enhanced convenience and efficiency in wearable energy and sensing technologies.

Key words: contact electrification, mechano-electric conversion fiber, triboelectric nanogenerator, energy management, multi-dimensional structure design, intelligent textile

中图分类号: 

  • TS102
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