纺织学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (06): 262-273.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20250705402

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

纸基材料成纱技术进展

夏之虎1,2, 黄文海1,2, 吴柳烟2, 黄齐3, 杨自治3, 夏治刚1,2()   

  1. 1 武汉纺织大学 纺织新材料与先进加工全国重点实验室湖北 武汉 430200
    2 武汉纺织大学 纺织科学与工程学院湖北 武汉 430200
    3 江阴海澜科技有限公司江苏 无锡 214400
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-21 修回日期:2026-04-15 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-08-19
  • 通讯作者: 夏治刚(1983—),男,教授,博士。主要研究方向为纺纱新材料与先进加工。E-mail:zhigang_xia1983@hotmail.com
  • 作者简介:夏之虎(1998—),男,硕士生。主要研究方向为纺织新材料加工。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(52373270);湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划(ZONG20240070);湖北省创新群体项目(2025AFA120)

Research progress in paper-based yarn forming technology

XIA Zhihu1,2, HUANG Wenhai1,2, WU Liuyan2, HUANG Qi3, YANG Zizhi3, XIA Zhigang1,2()   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced ProcessingWuhan Textile University, WuhanHubei 430200, China
    2 School of Textile Science and EngineeringWuhan Textile University, WuhanHubei 430200, China
    3 Jiangyin Hailan Technology Co.Ltd., WuxiJiangsu 214400, China
  • Received:2025-07-21 Revised:2026-04-15 Published:2026-06-15 Online:2026-08-19

摘要:

为破解纸基材料在纺织应用中固有的脆性大、成纱可靠性差等技术瓶颈,弥补现有研究对纸基成纱全流程系统性整合的不足,推动可持续纺织材料的技术升级与产业化应用,系统阐明了纸基成纱过程中纸张精密分切、窄条力学传递和纸纱加捻结构三大核心机制,对比分析了不同文化纸种与工业纸种的纤维特性及成纱适配潜力;逐层梳理了从原纸制备、裁切成条、加捻成形、功能化整理到络筒工序的全链条工艺路径,深入探讨了纤维形态、打浆工艺、裁切方式、加捻参数等关键因素对成纱性能的影响规律与调控策略;同时分析了纸纱的织造适配性、后整理工艺要点与织物性能特征,论述了纸纱织物全生命周期循环利用的技术路径与生态优势。最后总结了纸基材料成纱技术的发展现状,指出了当前产业化面临的高强度与高柔韧性难兼顾、功能化处理易引发结构僵化、多阶工艺推高生产成本三大核心矛盾,并指明了未来需聚焦成纱专用纸材定制设计、生物基绿色功能改性、裁切-加捻一体化专用装备开发及高附加值应用场景拓展的核心发展方向。

关键词: 纸基材料, 纸纱, 功能化, 成纱技术, 复合结构, 生态材料

Abstract:

Significance Paper-based materials derived from renewable cellulose, with their inherent biodegradability and low environmental footprint, provide a promising path for the development of sustainable textiles. However, their inherent brittleness, low flexibility and sheet structure have brought great challenges to the transformation of them into spinnable and high-performance yarns. Paper-based yarn technology is very important to replace petroleum-based fiber and reduce microplastic pollution. By transforming paper into a viable textile substrate, relevant research has responded to the urgent global demand for environmentally friendly materials, unlocking potential applications for fashion, industrial textiles and other fields, contributing to the circular economy.

Progress In recent years, the research on paper-based yarn formation has gradually shifted from experience-based approach to a systematic development stage where mechanism analysis and process innovation are equally important. Starting from the essence of paper fiber network, researchers revealed the structural evolution of fiber rearrangement and secondary cohesion in the twisting process of paper strips, and clarified the internal relationship between fiber morphological parameters, paper physical properties and yarn forming mechanical response. According to properties of fiber in different types of papers, the evaluation method of raw material suitability was established, and the control of key indicators such as aspect ratio, crimp degree and beating degree was defined. At the process level, systematic optimization of cutting accuracy, twisting parameters and tension control has effectively inhibited stress concentration and defect generation during yarn forming. It is worth noting that the performance limitations of a single paper yarn are being broken through the composite structure design. The paper tape and chemical fiber filament are twisted together, and the functional interface is built on the surface of the yarn, so that the mechanical properties and wear comfort of the paper-based yarn are significantly improved while maintaining its ecological properties.

Conclusion and prospect The paper-based yarn forming technology has completed the leap from manual workshops to machine production, and has initially established a theoretical framework and technical system covering raw material screening, process control and structural design. However, there is still a significant gap between technological breakthroughs at the laboratory level and large-scale industrial applications. The key bottlenecks include difficulties in achieving both high strength and high flexibility, structural rigidity after functional treatment, and the manufacturing cost due to the multiple processes. To solve this dilemma, it is necessary to jump out of the traditional idea of "imitating yarn with paper", carry out customized design from the source of paper, and develop a special pulp ratio that takes into account yarn forming performance and processing adaptability. At the same time, exploration of bio-based green modification technology is needed to endow paper yarn with functional properties while minimizing environmental load. It is also necessary to focus on the research and development of special equipment to realize the integrated and efficient processing of cutting, twisting and compounding. In the future, the value release point of paper yarn may take the lead in the subdivided fields with special preference for ecological properties, such as art textiles, environmental protection packaging, disposable medical materials, which will gradually open a broader market with the application of high value-added feedback technology iteration.

Key words: paper-based material, paper yarn, functionalization, yarn forming technology, composite structure, ecological material

中图分类号: 

  • TS941.2

表1

常见传统文化纸张种类及特点"

纸种 原料 纤维主体长度/cm 特点 应用 参考文献
中国宣纸 青檀树皮、沙田稻草等 青檀树皮:1.5~4.5
稻草纤维:0.2~1.5
润墨性强,耐久抗蛀 书画、古籍修复等 [11]
日本和纸 楮树韧皮纤维为主 6.0~10.0 质地坚韧透光 浮世绘等 [12]
韩国韩纸 桑树皮韧皮纤维 6.6~9.0 柔韧度好,不易撕裂 服饰、家居等 [10]
印度纸 软木纤维等 0.8~1.4 强度高,不易破损 宗教经书、包装等 [13]
中国麻纸 苎麻、大麻韧皮 6.0~7.0 质地坚韧,宽帘纹 典籍书写等 [14]
泰国纸 竹纤维 1.7~2.2 有独特纹理 灯笼、手抄本等 [15]
越南纸 越南巨竹等 2.4~2.5 柔软 传统版画等 [16]
马尼拉纸 马尼拉麻 2.0~8.0 抗撕裂性强 档案袋、信封等 [9]
埃及莎草纸 尼罗河莎草茎髓 1.0~4.0 质地轻,光滑 古埃及文献 [17]

表2

常见工业用纸及特点"

纸种 纤维特点 代表纸种 纸种特点 用途 参考文献
木材纤维类工业用纸 纤维长、强度高 牛皮纸 高强度、耐折耐磨 重型包装、水泥袋 [18]
非木材纤维类工业用纸 纤维短但成本低 竹浆工业纸 纤维细且光滑 高精度过滤纸 [22]
合成/混合纤维类工业用纸 增强特殊性能 玻璃纤维纸 绝缘性强 高温环境保护 [6]

图1

纸基材料成纱工艺流程"

图2

工业化生产常见裁切装置"

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