纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (05): 191-196.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20190504606

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    

化学防护服的研究进展

吕凯敏, 戴宏钦()   

  1. 苏州大学 纺织与服装工程学院, 江苏 苏州 215006
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-21 修回日期:2020-02-04 出版日期:2020-05-15 发布日期:2020-06-02
  • 通讯作者: 戴宏钦
  • 作者简介:吕凯敏(1995—),女,硕士。主要研究方向为化学防护服的舒适性改善。

Research progress of chemical protective clothing

LÜ Kaimin, DAI Hongqin()   

  1. College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
  • Received:2019-05-21 Revised:2020-02-04 Online:2020-05-15 Published:2020-06-02
  • Contact: DAI Hongqin

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摘要：

为全面了解化学防护服的各类性能要求,介绍了非织造布、无支撑橡胶或塑料、微孔膜材料、吸附性材料、涂层织物、复合材料等不同材质化学防护服的性能差异,回顾了化学防护服的发展情况;参照各类标准对防化服的要求,总结了化学防护服的设计流程,并系统概述了用于化学防护服性能评价的五级分析系统。通过对比国内外相关标准发现,目前标准中存在着性能检测局限性、标准体系化较低、标准更新速度较慢等不足。针对目前化学防护服存在的问题指出未来研究方向:在今后的研究中应从人、化学防护服、环境3个方面系统强化化学防护服各性能之间的关联性和系统性,提高对化学防护服整体性能的准确判断。

关键词: 化学防护服, 防护材料, 防护性能, 设计流程

Abstract:

In order to understand comprehensively all performance requirements of chemical protective clothing, key factors affecting the performance were discussed. The performance differences of chemical protective clothing made from different materials were reviewed, and the development of chemical protective clothing was described. After looking at the design process of chemical protective clothing, the performance evaluation of chemical protective clothing was discussed using a five-level analysis system. By comparing the relevant standards used in China and abroad, deficiencies in domestic standards were identified, including limitation in performance testing, low systematization, and slow update. The research direction of chemical protective clothing in the future was pointed out from the problems existing in chemical protective clothing at present. Aiming at the problems identified through this review, it is proposed that future research regarding chemical protective clothing should take place concerning human, chemical protective clothing and environment, so as to improve the accurate evaluation of the comprehensive performance of chemical protective clothing.

Key words: chemical protective clothing, protective material, rotective performance, design process

中图分类号: 

  • TS941.73

表1

防化服常用材料"

材料类型 防护性能 优点 缺点
非织造布 干微粒和轻微液体喷雾 成本低,透气性好 防护等级低
无支撑橡
胶或塑料		 液体飞溅以及液体、气体渗透 防护等级高 舒适性差
微孔膜
材料		 液体飞溅 舒适性好 小分子气体可通过
吸附性
材料		 气体和蒸汽的渗透 防护性能较好 成本高,适用范围小
涂层织物 液体飞溅,液体、气体渗透 质量轻,防护性能好 耐久性较差
复合材料 液体飞溅,液体、气体或蒸汽渗透 防护性能好 成本高

图1

防护服性能评价五级分析系统"

表2

国内关于防化服的相关标准"

标准 分类
GB 24539—2009《防护服装 化学防护服通用技术要求》 1-ET:气密性化学防护服-ET
GB 24540—2009《防护服装 酸碱类化学品防护服》 2-ET:非气密性化学防护服-ET
GB/T 23462—2009《防护服装化学物质渗透试验方法》 3a:喷射液密性化学防护服
GB/T 24536—2009《防护服装化学防护服的选择、使用和维护》 3:液密性化学防护服 3a-ET:喷射液密性化学防护服-ET
GB/T 29511—2013《防护服装 固体微粒物化学防护服》 3b:喷溅液密性化学防护服
GA 770—2008《消防员化学防护服装》 4:颗粒物防护服
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