纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 89-94.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20191204906

• 染整与化学品 • 上一篇    下一篇

苎麻纤维厌氧生物脱胶系统工艺性能研究

刘芳1, 马颜雪2,3, 陈小光1,4(), 刘书惠3, 张益榛1, 任志鹏1, 李康琪1, 童艺翾3, 任泺彤1, 李毓陵2,3   

  1. 1.东华大学 环境科学与工程学院, 上海 201620
    2.东华大学 纺织面料技术教育部重点实验室, 上海 201620
    3.东华大学 纺织学院, 上海 201620
    4.东华大学 国家环境保护纺织工业污染防治工程技术中心, 上海 201620
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-23 修回日期:2020-06-15 出版日期:2020-11-15 发布日期:2020-11-26
  • 通讯作者: 陈小光
  • 作者简介:刘芳(1995—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为纺织行业水污染控制技术。
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2232020G-01);上海市自然科学基金项目(17ZR1400300)

Study on process performance of ramie fiber anaerobic biological degumming system

LIU Fang1, MA Yanxue2,3, CHEN Xiaoguang1,4(), LIU Shuhui3, ZHANG Yizhen1, REN Zhipeng1, LI Kangqi1, TONG Yixuan3, REN Luotong1, LI Yuling2,3   

  1. 1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    3. College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    4. State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2019-12-23 Revised:2020-06-15 Online:2020-11-15 Published:2020-11-26
  • Contact: CHEN Xiaoguang

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摘要：

为解决苎麻纤维传统脱胶法效率低、费用高及二次污染等难题,以自主研发的高效苎麻纤维厌氧生物脱胶装置为载体,开发了一种高效苎麻纤维厌氧生物脱胶系统。基于苎麻原麻化学成分分析,开展了苎麻纤维厌氧生物脱胶工艺的启动特征、稳定运行特征和脱胶后苎麻纤维物理特征研究。结果表明:苎麻原麻中纤维素约占70%,胶质约占30%,脱胶过程中应重点去除半纤维素和木质素;该系统可在水力停留时间为72 h内实现快速启动,高效稳定运行时pH值为7.0左右,化学需氧量和氨氮质量浓度均处于低位;该系统在最佳浴比为1∶8时的苎麻物理特征最优,苎麻具有较好的外观形态和良好的力学性能,胶质残留最少。

关键词: 苎麻, 螺旋对称流厌氧反应器, 生物脱胶, 纤维素, 果胶

Abstract:

In order to solve the problems of low efficiency, high cost and secondary pollution in traditional degumming of ramie fiber, a high efficiency ramie fiber anaerobic degumming system was developed using a self-developed high efficiency ramie fiber anaerobic degumming device as the carrier. Based on chemical composition analysis of the raw ramie, the characteristics of the start-up and stable operation stages of ramie fiber anaerobic biological degumming process were studied, and the physical characteristics of the degummed ramie fiber were analyzed. It was found that cellulose and gelatine account for about 70% and 30% respectively in the raw ramie, and that the hemicellulose and lignin should be removed firstly in the degumming process. The system can start up rapidly within 72 hours of hydraulic retention time, and when it runs efficiently and stably, the pH is about 7.0, and chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen concentration are both at low levels. The ramie fiber has the best physical characteristics when the optimal water bath ratio is 1∶8, under which the ramie fiber has good appearance and mechanical properties, and the residue of gelatine is minimal.

Key words: ramie, spiral symmetry stream anaerobic bioreactor, biological degumming, cellulose, pectin

中图分类号: 

  • TS123.2

图1

苎麻纤维厌氧生物脱胶系统工艺流程 1—螺旋对称流厌氧反应器(SSSAB);2—自循环泵;3—苎麻;4—生物脱胶罐;5—外循环泵;6—进水泵;7—补液槽;Ⅰ—厌氧反应器子系统;Ⅱ—外循环子系统;Ⅲ—内循环子系统;Ⅳ液位平衡子系统。"

表1

苎麻脱胶后纤维外观形态评价评分细则"

指标 评价 评分标准
色泽 洁白有光泽 8~10
较黄略有光泽 5~7
黄褐色 0~4
柔软度 手感柔软顺滑 8~10
较柔软 5~7
手感较硬 0~4
夹生、硬块硬条 均匀无夹生、没有硬块硬条 8~10
较少夹生、硬块硬条较少 5~7
较多夹生、硬块硬条较多 0~4
碎麻 手感强力好,无碎麻 8~10
较少碎麻 5~7
手感强力低、较多碎麻 0~4
斑疵 纤维质量均匀、无斑疵 8~10
有褐色病斑、疵点 5~7
较多的褐色病斑、疵点 0~4

表2

苎麻原麻化学成分分析"

纤维素 半纤维素 果胶 水溶物 灰分 木质素 脂蜡质
70.03 13.16 4.72 4.68 3.94 2.37 1.10

图2

苎麻纤维脱胶系统启动运行过程中的pH值、COD和氨氮质量浓度变化曲线"

图3

苎麻纤维脱胶系统稳定运行过程中的pH值、COD和氨氮质量浓度变化曲线"

表3

不同浴比苎麻脱胶后纤维外观形态评定结果"

浴比 评分 总分
色泽 柔软度 夹生、硬块硬条 斑疵 碎麻
1∶13 6.73±0.22 5.63±0.59 5.13±0.57 7.40±0.27 6.80±0.37 31.69±2.02
1∶10 6.40±0.29 4.93±0.35 4.53±0.25 6.48±0.31 5.68±0.34 28.02±1.54
1∶8 7.73±0.22 6.25±0.24 4.90±0.34 6.90±0.50 5.80±0.36 31.58±1.66
1∶6 4.30±0.24 3.50±0.73 4.75±0.76 6.23±0.48 6.88±0.46 25.66±2.67

表4

不同浴比苎麻脱胶后纤维的物理力学性能"

浴比 线密度/
dtex		 强度/
(cN·dtex-1)		 质量
损失率/%		 脱胶率/
%
1∶13 5.50 9.79 26.90 63.50
1∶10 6.00 7.18 25.30 62.36
1∶8 6.80 6.21 31.70 65.87
1∶6 7.60 5.87 29.88 60.39

图4

不同浴比苎麻脱胶后纤维红外光谱分析 注:1—原麻;2—浴比1∶6;3—浴比1∶10;4—浴比1∶13;5—浴比1∶8。"

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