纺织学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (06): 121-128.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20211106001

• 纺织工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

织物表面激光打标工艺参数的数值模拟及选取方法

连力平1, 杨鹏程1,2(), 余子健1, 龙阳昭1, 肖渊1,2   

  1. 1.西安工程大学 机电工程学院, 陕西 西安 710048
    2.西安市现代智能纺织装备重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710600
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-11 修回日期:2023-01-10 出版日期:2023-06-15 发布日期:2023-07-20
  • 通讯作者: 杨鹏程
  • 作者简介:连力平(1996—),男,硕士生。主要研究方向为织物表面激光打标工艺。
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省科技厅自然科学基础研究计划-面上项目(2022JM-219);西安市现代智能纺织装备重点实验室建设项目(2019220614SYS021CG043)

Numerical simulation for selecting laser parameters in marking process with different fabrics

LIAN Liping1, YANG Pengcheng1,2(), YU Zijian1, LONG Yangzhao1, XIAO Yuan1,2   

  1. 1. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
    2. Xi'an Key Laboratory of Modern Intelligent Textile Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710600, China
  • Received:2021-11-11 Revised:2023-01-10 Published:2023-06-15 Online:2023-07-20
  • Contact: YANG Pengcheng

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摘要：

织物打标中,激光器的速度及能量密度等参数直接影响着打标效果。为深入研究激光打标织物表面的烧蚀机制及其工艺优化参数的选取,通过建立激光与不同织物基底之间的相变传热模型,对打标过程中温度场和材料去除量的变化进行了数值模拟,利用热扩散理论分析了打标工艺参数对打标结果的影响规律。结果表明:在瞬态变化过程中,所需的激光能量密度与平均升温速率及打标深度呈线性关系;所需的激光移动速度与平均升温速率正相关,与打标的宽度、深度负相关。基于打标深度,提出了激光参数的选取方法,进行了不同织物基底的激光打标实验,并结合光表面作用理论,分析了相关误差,验证了本文提出的打标宽度随激光能量密度和移动速度变化规律的正确性。

关键词: 激光打标, 激光参数, 非稳态, 纺织材料, 数值模拟, 打标工艺

Abstract:

Objective Laser marking, which has the advantages of being durable, waterproof and non-contact, is an effective method for recording commodity data and decorating textile products. In the marking process, the laser speed and energy density directly affect the marking effect. The laser energy density and movement speed often show different effects on the fabric substrates owing to the optical and thermal properties. This research aim to optimize the laser marking parameters for the best marking result.
Method To solve this issue, three fabric substrates of cotton, polyester and polypropylene are selected in this research, the ablation process of laser marking fabric surface and the selection principles of process parameters were investigated based on both simulation modeling and experimental analysis. First, the phase change heat transfer models between the laser and different fabric substrates were established. Subsequently, changes in temperature field and material removal during marking were numerically simulated. Finally, the effects of marking process parameters on the marking results were analyzed by thermal diffusion theory in simulation experiments and actual experiments.
Results The simulation results show that the required laser energy density of the three fabric substrates had a linear relationship with the average heating rate and marking depth, and the required moving speed was positively related to the average heating rate. Moreover, the average heating rate of fabric substrates decreased with the increase in material thermal conductivity. The marking width and depth were negatively related to the laser moving speed, and negatively related to the laser energy density during transient changes. After the simulation, actual experiments were conducted for three fabric substrates. The actual experimental results of the three fabric substrates verified that the marking width was positively related to the energy density, and negatively related to the movement speed, which was in agreement with the simulation results. The calculation results of the average width error, and the main sources of its generation were related to the fabric substrate color and the surface roughness. Consequently, because of the different colors of the fabric, there were differences in its light transmission ability. Although the simulation experiments had taken into account the transmission loss, the simulated results were still different from that of the actual experiments. In addition, the simulation experiments assumed that three materials of fabric substrate surface was absolutely smooth,which led to the simulation error. Nonetheless, compared to the others, the actual marking effect of polylester fabric substrate was closer to the simulation experiment, due to its smaller surface roughness and that the laser was more easily reflected on the surface, suggesting that the error generated by the marking increases with the surface roughness of the fabric substrate.
Conclusion In fabric marking, the marking depth is proved to be the main factor affecting the clarity of the mark and is the primary indicator that determines the laser parameters, and some principles for the selection of the three fabric laser parameters are given: ① For laser movement speed of 30 mm/s, the energy density of cotton is at least 0.20 J/cm2; polyester is at least 0.20 J/cm2; polypropylene is at least 0.175 J/cm2. ② For laser movement speed of 20 mm/s, the energy density of cotton, polyester and polypropylene is at least 0.125, 0.15 and 0.10 J/cm2, respectively. ③ For laser moving speed of 10 mm/s, the energy density of cotton is at least 0.075 J/cm2; polyester is at least 0.075 J/cm2; polypropylene is at least 0.05 J/cm2. In addition, the surface roughness of the fabric substrate restrains the marking effect, and the subsequent simulation may further give consideration to the roughness. Both the simulation and the actual experiments prove that some relevant laws can provide some reference for the actual fabric marking.

Key words: laser marking, laser parameter, unsteady state, textile material, numerical simulation, marking process

中图分类号: 

  • TS194.5

图1

运动光斑对材料加热示意图"

图2

不同激光参数下材料的平均升温速率"

图3

不同激光参数下材料打标宽度"

图4

不同激光参数下材料打标深度"

表1

织物的结构及物理参数"

材料
名称		 组织
结构		 体积密度/
(g·cm-3)		 面密度/
(g·cm-2)		 回潮
率/%
棉 平纹 0.95 101 8.5
涤纶 平纹 0.89 167 0.4
丙纶 平纹 0.76 155 0

表2

织物的热学及光学性质"

材料
名称		 比热/
(J·g-1·K-1)		 导热系数/
(W·m-1·K-1)		 折射率 透射率
棉 1.34 1.125 9 1.577 0.940
涤纶 1.34 0.974 5 1.725 0.931
丙纶 1.80 0.221 0 1.501 0.950

图5

相同移动速度不同能量密度下织物的打标试样图"

表3

同一移动速度不同能量密度下材料的打标宽度"

材料名称 能量密度/
(J·cm-2)		 打标宽度/mm 平均宽度
误差/%
模拟 实验
棉 0.05 0.293 0.275 4.2
0.15 0.302 0.295
0.25 0.321 0.310
涤纶 0.05 0.285 0.270 2.1
0.15 0.317 0.320
0.25 0.335 0.330
丙纶 0.05 0.292 0.260 5.7
0.15 0.334 0.320
0.25 0.351 0.350

图6

相同能量密度不同移动速度下织物的打标试样图"

表4

相同能量密度不同移动速度下材料的打标宽度"

材料名称 移动速度/
(mm·s-1)		 打标宽度/mm 平均宽度
误差/%
模拟 实验
棉 10 0.313 0.300 5.5
20 0.306 0.290
30 0.293 0.275
涤纶 10 0.310 0.300 5.0
20 0.308 0.290
30 0.285 0.270
丙纶 10 0.325 0.325 6.8
20 0.316 0.310
30 0.308 0.260
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