双稳态温致变色印花织物的制备及其光谱兼容性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20240202801

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对单稳态温致变色纺织品颜色随外界环境变化而变化导致其无法自主控制色相的问题,利用双稳态温致变色微胶囊存在2个变色点而在高温条件下呈无色态和低温条件下呈有色态的性能特点,将其与分散染料复配,并采用筛网印花法印制高温沙土色-低温深灰色和高温中绿色-低温深绿色2种双稳态温致变色色块。研究了2种色块的变色性能、牢度性能、手感等。结果表明:2种色块变色灵敏度较高(变色响应时间≤30 s),抗疲劳性较好(循环次数≥200次),且通过高温和低温刺激可以实现色块在10~50 ℃范围内稳态维持2种特定的颜色,从而实现了色块颜色的自主调控;其中中绿色和深绿色色块在710~880 nm和620~660 nm波段的平均光谱反射率比值(K_G)分别为6.44和8.16,且对典型被子植物具有广谱的光谱模拟效果;以光子晶体为低发材料印制的色块发射率为0.47,热红外成像显示其可起到红外低可探测效果;用3种色块套印印制出的印花织物具有良好的耐皂洗、耐摩擦和耐日晒色牢度且光泽低。

关键词: 可见光, 近红外, 热红外, 双稳态变色, 印花织物, 微胶囊, 温致变色纺织品

Abstract:

Objective Aiming at the problem that the color of monostable thermochromic textiles changes with the external environment, resulting in the hue uncontrolled autonomously. In this study, multi-spectrum-compatible thermochromic textiles are prepared by using bistable thermochromic microcapsules with two color-changing dots, compounding them with dispersion dyes and combining them with a color block printed with photonic crystals as a low-emission material.

Method The bistable thermochromic microcapsules and conventional disperse dyes were used as colorants. The bistable thermochromic microcapsules were colorless under high temperature stimulation and colored under low temperature stimulation, and the color of conventional disperse dyes was not affected by temperature. The bistable thermochromic fabric was printed by screen printing method, and the near-infrared camouflage was achieved by adjusting the color paste formulation. In addition, printed fabrics with low-emissivity color blocks were overprinted by screen printing with photonic crystals as color paste.

Results The two kinds of printed color blocks have high color change sensitivity (color change response time ≤30 s), good fatigue resistance (≥200 cycles), and the color blocks can be achieved by high temperature and low temperature stimulation in the range of 10~50 ℃ to maintain the two specific colors in a steady state, thus realizing the color of the color blocks of the autonomous control; in which the average spectral reflectance ratio (K_G) of the medium green and dark green color blocks in the 710-880 nm band and 620-660 nm band are 6.44 and 8.16, respectively, and have a broad-spectrum spectral simulation effect on typical angiosperms; in addition, the photonic crystal as a low hair material printed with the photonic crystal as a low-hair material, and has a broad-spectrum spectral simulation effect. The K_G of the medium green and dark green color blocks in the 710-880 nm band and 620-660 nm band is 6.44 and 8.16, respectively, and has a broad-spectrum spectral simulation of typical angiosperms; in addition, the emissivity of the color blocks printed with photonic crystals as the low-emitting material is 0.47, and thermal infrared imaging shows that it can play a role in the infrared low-detectability effect; the printed fabrics printed with three color block overprinting have good color fastness to soap washing, friction and sunlight, and their gloss is low.

Conclusion The research addresses the difficulty in the color of monostable thermochromic textiles changes with the change of external environment, which leads to the incapability to control the hue independently. Based on the large difference between the achromatic temperature and the chromogenic temperature of the bistable thermochromic microcapsules, it is compounded with disperse dyes to prepare printed fabrics that can maintain two colors steadily in high and low temperature environments. Combined with low-emitting materials, it is expected to be applied to the field of camouflage and camouflage of textiles.

Key words: visible light, near infrared, thermal infrared, steady-state discoloration, printed fabric, microcapsule, thermochromic textiles

中图分类号:

TS194.2

毛丽芬, 肖红, 毛庆辉, 麻伍军, 梁志结, 李敏. 双稳态温致变色印花织物的制备及其光谱兼容性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(03): 141-150.

MAO Lifen, XIAO Hong, MAO Qinghui, MA Wujun, LIANG Zhijie, LI Min. Preparation and spectral compatibility of bistable thermochromic printed fabrics[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(03): 141-150.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20240202801

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I03/141

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配方序号	变色微胶囊用量/g				分散染料用量/g				高温下颜色参数			低温下颜色参数
配方序号	红	黄	蓝	黑	红	黄	蓝	黑	ΔL^*	Δa^*	Δb^*	ΔL^*	Δa^*	Δb^*
1^#	—	—	—	—	1.0	3.8	0.5	0.7	2.3	0.03	-0.3	12.31	-0.67	19.31
2^#	1.0	—	7.0	—					0	0	0	0	0	0
3^#	2.0	—	7.0	—					0.14	0.19	-0.29	-0.31	1.97	-0.04
4^#	1.0	1.5	7.0	—					1.80	-0.42	0.05	1.78	0.32	2.71
5^#	1.0	—	8.0	—					1.08	-0.36	0.87	-0.45	0.14	-2.08
6^#	1.0	—	7.0	1.5					1.33	0.27	-0.79	-2.82	0.42	1.02

色块	高温刺激				低温刺激
色块	L^*	a^*	b^*	色相	L^*	a^*	b^*	色相
可见光变色色块	48.17	4.59	15.71	沙土色	40.02	0.85	-0.79	深灰色
可见光变色兼容近红外色块	34.92	-9.92	13.85	中绿色	28.31	-7.37	5.74	深绿色

叶片类型	高温					低温
	拟合度	欧式距离		光谱角度/rad		拟合度	欧式距离		光谱角度/rad
	380~ 1 200 nm	400~ 780 nm	780~ 1 200 nm	400~ 780 nm	780~ 1 200 nm	380~ 1 200 nm	400~ 780 nm	780~ 1 200 nm	400~ 780 nm	780~ 1 200 nm
广玉兰	0.983	0.549	0.514	0.256	0.023	0.982	2.289	0.496	0.265	0.024
桃	0.987	0.526	0.640	0.245	0.013	0.985	2.280	0.621	0.257	0.013
樱花	0.987	0.507	0.749	0.220	0.011	0.985	2.374	0.730	0.250	0.012
女贞	0.985	0.484	0.506	0.238	0.027	0.984	2.371	0.488	0.255	0.028
紫珠	0.987	0.444	0.418	0.225	0.020	0.986	2.406	0.400	0.243	0.020
扶芳藤	0.983	0.558	0.630	0.329	0.025	0.982	2.281	0.611	0.305	0.025
竹	0.986	0.437	0.422	0.228	0.011	0.984	2.494	0.403	0.260	0.012
桂花	0.985	0.600	0.859	0.242	0.018	0.983	2.230	0.840	0.258	0.019
石楠	0.984	0.506	0.486	0.244	0.021	0.983	2.355	0.467	0.259	0.022
西府海棠	0.988	0.466	0.701	0.210	0.014	0.986	2.421	0.682	0.243	0.014
标准值^①	—	≤4.0		≤17.2	≤6.87	—	≤4.0		≤17.2	≤6.87

参数	耐皂洗色牢度/级		耐摩擦色牢度/级		耐日晒色牢度/ 级	主观指标				光泽度	力学性能
						主观指标					方向	断裂强力/ N	断裂伸长率/%	断裂功/ (N·mm)
						平滑	柔软	温暖	综合
	沾色	变色	干摩擦	湿摩擦		平滑	柔软	温暖	综合
原布	—	—	—	—	—	0.51	0.49	0.67	0.54	1.2	经向	1 195	23.83	15 146
原布	—	—	—	—	—	0.51	0.49	0.67	0.54	1.2	纬向	741	19.15	8 304
印花织物	4	4	4	4	3~4	0.61	0.61	0.75	0.65	0.9	经向	1 269	35.06	27 605
印花织物	4	4	4	4	3~4	0.61	0.61	0.75	0.65	0.9	纬向	814	25.19	13 201