纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (05): 10-16.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20241204701

• 特约专栏: 智能纤维与织物器件 • 上一篇    下一篇

Wi-Fi双频织物天线的构建及其电磁性能

李朵1,2,3, 谢晓雯4, 张迪凡4, 吴景霞1,2,3, 陆凯4, 陈培宁1,2,3()   

  1. 1.复旦大学 聚合物分子工程全国重点实验室, 上海 200438
    2.复旦大学 高分子科学系, 上海 200438
    3.复旦大学 纤维电子材料与器件研究院, 上海 200438
    4.中山大学 电子与信息工程学院(微电子学院), 广东 广州 510006
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-20 修回日期:2025-02-03 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-06-18
  • 通讯作者: 陈培宁(1987—),男,研究员,博士。主要研究方向为智能纤维材料与器件。E-mail: peiningc@fudan.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:李朵(1996—),女,博士生。主要研究方向为柔性电子器件。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFA1203001);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFA1203002);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFA1203003);国家自然科学基金项目(T2222005)

Construction and electromagnetic properties of Wi-Fi dual-band fabric antenna

LI Duo1,2,3, XIE Xiaowen4, ZHANG Difan4, WU Jingxia1,2,3, LU Kai4, CHEN Peining1,2,3()   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
    2. Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
    3. Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
    4. School of Electronics and Information Technology (School of Microelectronics), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
  • Received:2024-12-20 Revised:2025-02-03 Published:2025-05-15 Online:2025-06-18

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摘要：

面向智能织物对信号传输功能的实际应用需求,为提高电子织物的天线通信功能,以镀银锦纶为导电辐射单元材料,棉织物为介电基底材料,利用电磁仿真软件设计了微带缝隙织物天线结构,通过刺绣构建了具备Wi-Fi双频通信功能的织物天线。借助矢量网络分析仪和天线测试系统对Wi-Fi双频织物天线的电磁性能进行测试和分析,并进一步测试了织物天线弯曲形变下的性能稳定性及透气舒适性。结果表明:Wi-Fi双频织物天线电磁性能与仿真结果基本吻合,能够覆盖2.4 GHz和5.2 GHz 2个频段;此外,织物天线在弯曲形变下仍能保持有效工作频率基本不变,且透气率达67.74 mm/s,与商用织物相当,验证了Wi-Fi双频织物天线在电子织物通信系统中的应用潜力。

关键词: 缝隙织物天线, 电子织物, 智能可穿戴, 刺绣, 电磁性能, 无线通信

Abstract:

Objective Electronic fabrics hold significant potential applications in wearable devices and smart healthcare. Antenna, as a critical component for the emission and reception of electromagnetic waves, plays a pivotal role in enabling wireless signal transmission in future electronic textiles. In order to address these application requirements, it is essential to develop textile antennas which not only exhibit superior electromagnetic properties, such as wide bandwidth and high gain, but also maintain air permeability and comfort.
Method The microstrip slot fabric antenna structure was designed utilizing electromagnetic simulation software. Through the digital weaving method, the dual-band Wi-Fi fabric antenna was constructed by arranging silver-coated nylon fibers in a specific configuration on a cotton substrate. The electromagnetic performance of the Wi-Fi dual-band fabric antenna was evaluated and analyzed. Additionally, the stability and permeability of the fabric antenna were rigorously examined.
Results The dual-band Wi-Fi fabric antenna proposed was sufficient to cover the 2.4 GHz to 5.2 GHz working frequency bands of Wi-Fi. The measured and simulated results of dual-band Wi-Fi fabric antenna radiation pattern was basically consistent. Moreover, at the frequency of 2.4-5.2 GHz, the specific absorption rate of human tissue was simulated when the antenna was 5 mm away from human tissue. The maximum specific absorption rate of human tissue was 0.831 W/kg and 0.515 W/kg, respectively, lower than the standard value (1.6 W/kg), indicating that the designed antenna has good human safety. In order to verify the stability of dual-band Wi-Fi fabric antenna at bending deformation, the reflection coefficient curves of the antenna under different bending angles were studied. The results showed that the resonant frequency was slightly shifted, but the bandwidth of the antenna was wide enough to cover the Wi-Fi frequency between 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz, thus enabling stable working of the antenna. Furthermore, the wearing comfort of dual-band Wi-Fi fabric antenna was studied. The air permeability of the fabric antenna and the commercial cotton fabric with the same thickness were found to be in the same order of magnitude, which indicates that the air permeability of dual-band Wi-Fi fabric antenna can meet the comfort requirements of human body in the daily wearing process.
Conclusion Electromagnetic simulation software is adopted to simulate the structure of dual-band Wi-Fi fabric antenna, and the dual-band Wi-Fi fabric antenna was prepared from silver-coated nylon fibers and cotton fabric through the digital weaving. The performance test of dual-band Wi-Fi fabric antenna proves that the antenna can work effectively in the Wi-Fi dual-band of 2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz. The fabric antenna can still maintain stable electromagnetic performance when bent, and has good air permeability and human safety. This research has shown great application potential in the field of electronic fabric, which provides a new solution for the wireless communication function of electronic fabric.

Key words: slot fabric antenna, electronic fabric, smart wearable, embroidery, electromagnetic property, telecommunication

中图分类号: 

  • TN101.8

图1

Wi-Fi双频织物天线的结构示意图"

图2

双频织物天线的结构演变过程示意图"

图3

双频织物天线的尺寸信息"

图4

Wi-Fi双频织物天线的比吸收率分布仿真结果 注:f表示频率。"

表1

人体组织的电磁特性参数表"

人体组织 介电常数 电导率/(S·m-1) 密度/(kg·m-3)
皮肤 35.11 3.72 1 100
脂肪 4.95 0.29 910
肌肉 48.48 4.96 1 041

图5

Wi-Fi双频织物天线正面与反面及细节照片"

图6

Wi-Fi双频织物天线反射系数的实测和仿真结果"

图7

Wi-Fi双频织物天线增益的实测和仿真结果"

图8

Wi-Fi双频织物天线辐射方向图的实测和仿真结果"

图9

Wi-Fi双频织物天线弯曲时的反射系数"

图10

Wi-Fi双频织物天线摩擦前后的反射系数"

图11

Wi-Fi双频织物天线水洗前后的反射系数"

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