纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (09): 268-277.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20241103902

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

个体降温服装技术研究进展

朱元成1,2(), 何永红1, 熊伟国2   

  1. 1.清华大学深圳国际研究生院, 广东 深圳 518055
    2.深圳市酷凌时代科技有限公司, 广东 深圳 518106
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-18 修回日期:2025-04-23 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-11-12
  • 作者简介:朱元成(1987—),男,学士。主要研究方向为制冷、精密温控、个体降温服装。E-mail:zyc@coolingstyle.com。

Research progress in personal cooling garment technologies

ZHU Yuancheng1,2(), HE Yonghong1, XIONG Weiguo2   

  1. 1. Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
    2. Shenzhen Coolingstyle Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518106, China
  • Received:2024-11-18 Revised:2025-04-23 Published:2025-09-15 Online:2025-11-12

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摘要：

高温作业环境下的热应激威胁作业人员健康与安全,个体降温服装(PCG)技术是维持热平衡、提升热舒适性的有效手段。为系统分析PCG技术进展,探索轻量化、高能效的个体降温方案,采用文献综述与性能对比的方法,分析了气冷式(ACG)、液冷式(LCG)、相变材料(PCM)、热电式(TEC)及蒸发式(ECG)5类技术的机制与应用现状。分析认为,各技术在特定场景各具优势:ACG系统轻便灵活,LCG系统适用于极端高温,PCM系统使用方便且使用时间较长,TEC系统可实现局部优异降温效果,ECG系统在干燥环境中高效。然而,各技术都有各自的技术缺陷及发展瓶颈,且微型化、能效、环境适应性和器件耐久性的平衡是其面临的共同问题。未来需在高导热柔性材料、仿生设计及智能化热管理等方面进行创新,推动PCG向轻量、高效、智能化发展,为高温作业提供精准热防护,助力安全高效的工业环境。

关键词: 高温作业, 热应激, 个体降温服装, 冷却效率, 热舒适性

Abstract:

Significance Personal cooling garment (PCG) technology has emerged as a critical solution to mitigate heat stress for workers in high-temperature environments, such as mining, firefighting, and industrial settings. With global temperatures rising, evidenced by a 1.5 ℃ increase since the Industrial Revolution and accelerating at 0.2 ℃ per decade, heat-related health risks and economic losses (e.g. $863 billion in potential income loss in 2022) are intensifying. PCGs offer a targeted approach to maintain thermal balance, enhancing worker safety and productivity where traditional cooling methods fall short. This review evaluates the technological advancements in PCGs, emphasizing their role in addressing heat stress, a growing concern amid climate change. By systematically analyzing diverse cooling mechanisms, this review underscores the importance of lightweight, efficient, and adaptable systems to meet the urgent needs of high-risk occupations, providing a foundation for innovative thermal protection strategies in industrial applications.

Progress This study evaluates five PCG technologies, i.e. air-cooled (ACG), liquid-cooled (LCG), phase change material (PCM), thermoelectric (TEC) and evaporative cooling (ECG), detailing their mechanisms and recent advancements. ACG systems show progress with the body ventilation system (BVS) offering lightweight designs (0.8-1.5 kg) and cooling capacities of 80-150 W through fan-driven convection, though efficacy wanes above 35 ℃. Vortex tube cooling (VTC) achieves 280-350 W using cold gas separation, but fixed gas source reliance (e.g. high-pressure compressors) limits portability. LCG systems excel in extreme heat (>45 ℃) situations, with vapor compression-based designs delivering 360-586 W/m2, and studies in this direction highlight miniaturization advances though energy density challenges remain. PCM-based systems like BVS/PCM hybrids provide 220-315 W/m2 and extend cooling by 28% via integrated ventilation and heat absorption, yet face 30% energy loss to ambient heat. TEC developments include flexible TEDs with over 10 ℃ localized cooling and COPs of 1.5-1.8, while LCG/TEC systems reach 220-300 W/m2, though low efficiency (e.g. ACG/TEC COP 0.85) remains a drawback. ECG systems yield 150-373 W/m2 in dry conditions, with innovations like vacuum desiccant designs doubling work duration in protective suits, but falter in high humidity. Key achievements include enhanced thermal comfort (e.g. UTCI drops of 1.5-2.3 ℃ in BVS/PCM) and robust heat management in harsh environments, reflecting strides in hybrid systems and material enhancements.

Conclusion and Prospect This review confirms that PCG technologies effectively counter heat stress, each tailored to specific contexts: ACG prioritizes portability, LCG excels in extreme heat, PCM provides extended cooling duration, TEC enables precise temperature control, and ECG thrives in arid settings. However, limitations are evident. ACG's temperature sensitivity, LCG/VCR's weight (2.2-5.2 kg) and vibration issues, PCM's heat loss, TEC's poor energy efficiency (e.g. COP below 1 for ACG/TEC), and ECG's humidity dependence all highlight areas for improvement. Current challenges center on miniaturization, energy efficiency, and environmental adaptability, critical for broader adoption. Looking ahead, interdisciplinary breakthroughs are anticipated. Biomimetic designs like vortex-inspired air channels could enhance ACG performance, while magnetic levitation compressors may lighten LCG systems. Graphene-enhanced PCM composites, boosting conductivity ninefold to 1.8 W/(m·K), promise greater efficiency, and flexible TEC heterojunctions could elevate COPs. Smart controls integrating real-time thermal sensing will optimize energy use and comfort. The study advocates for hybrid systems combining strengths (e.g. PCM and TEC) and durable, lightweight materials to address industrial demands. Collaborative research across textile engineering, materials science, and thermodynamics is vital to surmount these hurdles, driving PCGs toward lighter, more powerful, and intelligent solutions. As global heat intensifies, such innovations will underpin safer, more productive work environments, aligning with sustainable industrial goals.

Key words: high-temperature operations, heat stress, personal cooling garment, cooling efficiency, thermal comfort

中图分类号: 

  • R135.3

图1

人体通风系统原理图"

图2

涡流管冷却系统原理图"

图3

ACG/CO2复合气冷服原理图"

图4

液冷服系统原理图"

图5

储冰式液冷服"

图6

蒸气压缩制冷液冷服"

图7

相变材料冷却服"

表1

个体降温服装技术性能对比"

技术
类型		 制冷量 降温效果 质量/
kg		 核心限
制因素		 文献
来源
BVS 80~150 W 皮肤温降
2.1~3.4 ℃		 0.8~
1.5		 高温效率衰减 [15-17
20]
VTC 280~350 W 核心温降
0.4 ℃		 3.2~
4.1		 固定气源依赖 [22-23]
GECG 420 W 核心温降
0.33 ℃		 4.5~
5.1		 局部过冷风险 [24-25]
BVS/PCM 220~315 W UTCI降幅
1.5~2.3 ℃		 2.1~
2.8		 环境吸热大 [45-48]
LCG/I 165~
243 W/m2		 皮肤温降
3.4 ℃		 1.2~
2.5		 凝露增
加热阻		 [34-35]
LCG/VCR 134~586 W UTCI降幅
4.6 ℃		 2.2~
5.25		 重量与
振动		 [36-40]
LCG/R 178~300 W 核心温降
0.3~0.5 ℃		 4.8~
5.3		 可靠
性差		 [41]
TED 30~60 W 局部温降
>10 ℃		 0.6~
1.2		 能效
比低		 [49]
ACG/TEC 80~220 W 核心温降
0.3 ℃		 0.45 能效
比低		 [50]
LCG/TEC 220~300 W UTCI降幅
2.8~3.1 ℃		 3.8~
4.5		 能效
比低		 [51-52]
PCMCG 50~130 W 皮肤温降
2~5 ℃		 1.2~
2.8		 导热
率低		 [43-44]
ECG 150~
373 W/m2		 UTCI降幅
2.5~4.1 ℃		 1.0~
3.4		 高湿环
境失效		 [53-55]
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