层数与铺层方式对多层芳纶平纹织物抗侵彻性能的影响

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20241004201

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究多层芳纶平纹织物铺层对破坏模式的影响机制,以芳纶平纹机织物为研究对象,用7.62 mm手枪子弹为被防护对象,采用四周夹紧方式,设置单层、三层、五层3种常规铺层织物靶板和五层30°间隔铺层([0°/30°/60°/90°/120°])织物靶板,通过弹道试验和有限元仿真探究了织物层数和铺层方式对其能量吸收水平的影响。结果表明:在常规铺层织物靶板中,随着层数的增加,吸能水平和吸能效率均呈现增长趋势,五层靶板吸能水平较三层靶板和单层靶板分别高45.49%和472.82%;三层靶板比吸能较单层靶板高14.63%,五层靶板比吸能较三层靶板高3.0%;单层靶板缺少层间摩擦作用,吸能效率与三层、五层靶板相差较大。将五层靶板采用30°间隔铺层后,面内应力波传播方向发生变化,靶板较难发生破坏,与弹丸的接触时间延长,从而表现出更强的抗侵彻能力,其吸收能量较常规铺层五层靶板提升12.47%。

关键词: 芳纶平纹织物, 有限元仿真, 弹道试验, 多层织物, 铺层方式, 抗侵彻性能

Abstract:

Objective One of the methods to improve the protection ability of bulletproof vests is to optimize flexible fabrics. Therefore, it is important to understand the energy absorption of fabrics and optimize the protection structure at the same areal density. In previous studies on multi-layer fabrics, the focus was mostly on simple layering method. Building on the exploration of the energy absorption law of multi-layer fabrics, this study further investigates the influence of different angular layering methods on the energy absorption of multi-layer fabrics.
Method Aramid plain woven fabric (Kevlar^®29) was taken as the research object, and 7.62 mm pistol bullets were used to impact the target plate at a velocity of (310±5) m/s. The four-week clamping method was employed to set up the fabric target boards as conventional single-layer, three-layer, and five-layer fabric targets, as well as a five-layer fabric target with 30° interlayer intervals ([0°/30°/60°/90°/120°]), designated as FP₁, FP₃, FP₅, and FP_5-30, respectively. The influence of the number of fabric layers and layup modes on the energy absorption level was explored through ballistic tests and finite element simulations.
Results After the projectile penetrated the targets, the damage morphologies of the front and rear layers of the target plate were different. As the position was further back, yarn slippage gradually replaced yarn breakage, and became the main damage mode. The main damage of the front fabric showed severe yarn breakage at the bullet hole, accompanied by the occurrence of yarn slippage.+++By observing the fracture section of the yarn under an optical microscope, it was found that the fiber fracture exhibited obvious local necking and a conical fracture segment, indicating that the yarn failure was mainly dominated by tensile damage. The damage of the fabric on the rear side of the target plate showed no yarn breakage at the bullet hole, but yarn slippage was the main damage mode. During the penetration process, the three target plates demonstrated different magnitudes of acceleration and penetration times. During the penetration of the three target plates FP₅, FP₃, and FP₁, the projectile acceleration became 0 at 60 μs, 56.5 μs, and 54.5 μs, respectively. Comparing the five-layer target plate FP₅ to the five-layer target plate FP_5-30 with spiral layup, it was found that when the FP₅ target plate started to fail, the FP_5-30 target plate still maintained the integrity. At 30 μs, the FP_5-30 target plate started to fail while the FP₅ target plate had been severely damaged. At 34 μs, the damage to the FP₅ target plate continued to worsen, while the FP_5-30 target plate became severely damaged. However, the damage diameter of the FP₅ target plate is larger than that of the FP_5-30 target plate. Because of the change of the layup angle, the response range of in-plane stress waves in the fabric is altered. All fabric layers in FP₅ exhibit similar rhombic response regions, while the in-plane stress waves in the middle layers of FP_5-30 (i.e., the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th layers) propagate outward in a nearly circular wave pattern. Eventually, the FP₅ target plate presents a pyramid shape with the bottom shrinking inward, whereas the FP_5-30 target plate shows a pyramid shape with the bottom expanding outward.
Conclusion The energy absorbed by the FP₅ target plate is 45.49% and 472.82% higher than that of the FP₃ target plate and the FP₁ target plate, respectively. The specific energy absorption per unit areal density of the FP₃ target plate is 14.63% higher than that of the FP₁ target plate, and the specific energy absorption of the FP₅ target plate is 3.0% higher than that of the FP₃ target plate. The layup mode of the target plate has a great influence on the anti-penetration ability of the fabric target plate. Because of the change in the layup angle, the propagation direction of in-plane stress waves changes. Therefore, the FP_5-30 target plate is more difficult to be damaged and thus shows stronger anti-penetration ability. The energy absorbed by the PF_5-30 target plate is 12.47% higher than that by the FP5 target plate.

Key words: aramid plain woven fabric, finite element simulation, ballistic test, multi-layered fabric, layup mode, anti-penetration performance

中图分类号:

TB332

李欣田, 周玄, 王展翾, 杜忠华, 徐立志. 层数与铺层方式对多层芳纶平纹织物抗侵彻性能的影响[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(11): 126-136.

LI Xintian, ZHOU Xuan, WANG Zhanhuan, DU Zhonghua, XU Lizhi. Influence of layer number and layup mode on anti-penetration performance of multi-layer aramid plain woven fabric[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(11): 126-136.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20241004201

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I11/126

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参数	密度ρ/ (g·cm^-3)	弹性模量/GPa			泊松比			剪切模量/MPa			纤维方向拉伸强度X_T/MPa
参数	密度ρ/ (g·cm^-3)	1方向E1	2方向E2	3方向E3	υ₁₂	υ₁₃	υ₂₃	1-2方向 G₁₂	1-3方向 G₁₃	2-3方向 G₂₃	纤维方向拉伸强度X_T/MPa
介观区域 (纱线)	1.44	90.179	9.017 9	9.017 9	0.3	0.3	0.3	901.79	901.79	901.79	2 485.33
宏观区域	1.44	90.179	90.179	9.017 9	0.3	0.3	0.3	901.79	901.79	901.79	2 485.33

层数	弹孔直径/mm		纱线断裂数/根
层数	实验结果	仿真结果	实验结果	仿真结果
第1层	9	9.46	5	4
第2层	8	8.53	4	4
第3层	8	8.06	4	5
第4层	8.5	8.52	2	1
第5层	8.5	8.64	0	0

靶板编号	初速度/ (m·s^-1)	末速度/ (m·s^-1)	吸收能量/ J	比吸能/ (J·m²·g^-1)
FP₁	310	308.09	2.87	0.028 7
FP₃	310	302.31	11.30	0.032 9
FP₅	310	298.91	16.44	0.033 9