Journal of Textile Research ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 188-196.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20191106409

• Comprehensive Review • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Development and current state of thermal sensors used for testing thermal protective clothing

ZHAI Li'na1(), LI Jun2,3, YANG Yunchu1   

  1. 1. School of International Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
    2. College of Fashion and Design, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
    3. Key Laboratory of Clothing Design and Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
  • Received:2019-11-28 Revised:2020-07-07 Online:2020-10-15 Published:2020-10-27

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Abstract:

In order to summarize the evaluation principles of the thermal sensors and to identify research gaps in this area, this paper reviewed and analyzed the construction structures, data collection methods, heat transfer models, application areas and test quality of different thermal sensors. It is understood that the copper sensors have a better test stability, while its thermal properties are too different from the human skin, which may result in an underestimation of the potential skin burn injury. Skin simulants, on the other hand, are found to be able to better simulate the thermal reaction of the human skin, but with limited applications. It is reasonable to believe that the copper sensors will be mainly used for the standard test methods in future development, and the skin simulants would need further technical improvement. It may take more considerations on the simulation of the heat transfer inside human skin for the development of the new thermal sensors.

Key words: thermal protective clothing, thermal sensor, skin simulant sensor, skin burn injury, evaluation of thermal protective performance

CLC Number: 

  • TS941.731

Fig.1

Copper slug calorimeter"

Fig.2

Pyrocal sensor"

Tab.1

Materials of skin simulants and their thermal inertias"

设计出处 年份 材料名称 材料组成 热惰性/
(J·m-2·℃-1·S-1/2)
美国NML实验室 1956 — 无机材料填充物(石英、滑石等)填充到塑性
树脂(尿素、三聚氰胺甲醛)中塑形而成		 1 218
Thermo-man假人 [25] 1974 热塑性树脂 — —
Trent等[6] 1979 玻璃纤维环氧树脂 — 1 349
明尼苏达大学[7] 1985
阿尔伯特大学[9] 1991 Colorceran 无机材料,由钙、铝、硅酸和石棉纤维混合而成 1 483
美国伍斯特理工学院[17] 2004 Macor? 无机材料,55%氟金云母和45%硼硅玻璃 1 704
东华大学[26] 2018

Fig.3

Structures of kin simulants. (a) Slab; (b) Cylinder; (c) With Shells"

Fig.4

Multi-layered skin simulant"

Fig.5

Heat transfer models for copper sensors and skin simulants. (a) Copper sensor; (b) Skin simulant"

Fig.6

Surface temperature rises of copper sensor, skin simulant and human skin (numerical simulation) during heat exposures of 25 kW/m2"

Tab.2

Comparison of the copper sensors and skin simulants for application"

应用特征 传热模型 响应速度 信号稳定性 耐温程度 便捷与耐用性 皮肤的模拟效果
金属类传感器 集总热容模型 较快 信号稳定性较好 可达1 000 ℃ 便捷耐用 无法模拟皮肤的温度响应曲线
皮肤模拟传感器 内部均匀温度场 较慢 信号容易受到干扰 最高为300~400 ℃ 不易清洗 与人体皮肤的温升响应曲线较吻合
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