Journal of Textile Research ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 13-20.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200402308

• Fiber Materials • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Preparation and performance of flexible sensor made from polyvinylidene fluoride/FeCl3 composite fibrous membranes

ZHANG Yike, JIA Fan, GUI Cheng, JIN Rui, LI Rong()   

  1. College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2020-04-09 Revised:2020-08-18 Online:2020-12-15 Published:2020-12-23
  • Contact: LI Rong E-mail:lirong@dhu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

In order to prepare a portable flexible sensor with high sensitivity, iron (III) chloride hexahydrate(FeCl3·6H2O)was added to polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) to prepare PVDF/FeCl3 composite fibrous membranes by electrospinning and hence the sensor. Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, contact angle analyzer were used to characterize the morphology, structure, wettability, mechanical properties and piezoelectricity of the fibrous membranes. The test results show that an appropriate amount of FeCl3·6H2O could increase the relative content of β crystal type in the fibrous membrane and thus effectively improve the piezoelectric output of the sensor. However, too much FeCl3·6H2O would inhibit the formation of the β crystal type. When the mass fraction of FeCl3·6H2O is up to 0.5%, the ratio of β crystal type in the fiber crystal structure reaches a maximum of 68.74%, and the maximum output voltage reaches about 5 V. The response time of the sensor to the excitation process is up to 0.025 s. The response time is basically the same under different excitation frequencies, and the sensor shows higher piezoelectric output at dynamic high-frequency.

Key words: polyvinylidene fluoride, iron (III) chloride hexahydrate, flexible sensor, piezoelectricity, electrospinning

CLC Number: 

  • TP212.9

Fig.1

Schematic diagram of flexible sensor"

Fig.2

SEM images of PVDF/FeCl3 composite fibrous membranes with different mass fraction of FeCl3·6H2O(×5 000). (a) Pure PVDF fibrous membrane; (b) 0.1%; (c) 0.3%; (d) 0.5%; (e) 0.8%; (f)1.0%"

Fig.3

Diameter distribution of PVDF/FeCl3 composite fibrous membranes with different mass fraction of FeCl3·6H2O. (a) Pure PVDF fibrous membrane; (b) 0.1%; (c) 0.3%; (d) 0.5%; (e) 0.8%; (f) 1.0%"

Fig.4

XRD (a) and FT-IR (b) spectra of PVDF/FeCl3 composite fibrous membranes with different mass fraction of FeCl3·6H2O"

Tab.1

Relative contents of crystal types in PVDF/FeCl3 composite fibrous membranes%"

FeCl3·6H2O质量分数 β晶型的相对含量
纯PVDF纤维膜 50.48
0.1 60.94
0.3 61.82
0.5 68.74
0.8 66.25
1.0 59.57

Fig.5

Contact angles of PVDF/FeCl3 composite fibrous membranes with different mass fraction of FeCl3·6H2O. (a) Pure PVDF fibrous membrane; (b) 0.1%; (c) 0.3%; (d) 0.5%; (e) 0.8%; (f) 1.0%"

Fig.6

Stress-strain curves of PVDF/FeCl3 composite fibrous membranes with different mass fraction of FeCl3·6H2O"

Tab.2

Mechanical properties of PVDF/FeCl3 composite fibrous membranes"

FeCl3·6H2O质量分数/% 断裂应力/MPa 断裂伸长率/%
纯PVDF纤维膜 0.929 112.796
0.1 1.719 98.146
0.3 2.923 103.963
0.5 3.378 131.606
0.8 3.952 170.713
1.0 4.037 141.413

Fig.7

Piezoelectric responses curves of PVDF/FeCl3 composite fibrous membranes sensors with different mass fraction of FeCl3·6H2O"

Fig.8

Piezoelectric response curves of PVDF/FeCl3 composite fibrous membranes sensor at different excitation frequencies"

Fig.9

Output voltage of PVDF/FeCl3 composite fibrous membranes sensor at different excitation frequencies"

Fig.10

Partial amplification of piezoelectric response curve of PVDF/FeCl3 composite fibrous membranes sensor at different excitation frequencies"

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