消防员个人防护装备用智能纺织品研究进展

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20241204602

Abstract

Abstract:

Significance Firefighters on the frontline of rescue missions rely on personal protective equipment to protect them from the hazards of the harsh environment. As the diversity and complexity of rescue scenarios increase, there is a growing demand for personal protective equipment to offer multifunctionality beyond basic protection. Intelligent textiles, which combine the comfort of traditional textiles with the intelligence of electronic devices, have become a research focus in recent years and are widely applied across various fields. Integrating intelligent textiles into firefighter's personal protective equipment is expected to significantly enhance safety protection and improve rescue efficiency. The research progress in intelligent textiles used in firefighter's personal protective equipment is reviewed, aiming to inspire the relevant research and facilitate the translation of research findings into practical applications.
Progress In order to develop intelligent textiles for firefighter's personal protective equipment, various flame-retardant fibers and functional nanomaterials have been adopted. Different manufacturing processes, such as wet spinning, printing, and coating, are employed to construct one-dimensional (1-D) fiber/yarn, two-dimensional (2-D) fabric/film, and three-dimensional (3-D) braid architecture/aerogel block type intelligent textiles. The development of these intelligent textiles mainly focuses on the actual demands of thermal management, energy conversion and storage, and sensing response. Passive radiative cooling, phase change materials, and shape memory materials are widely adopted to improve the comfort and thermal protection of firefighters. In terms of energy conversion, triboelectric nanogenerators and thermoelectric devices are adopted to collect human body and environmental energy to generate electricity. Many researches focus on material combination and structural optimization to improve the performance and stability of devices in high-temperature environments. Regarding flexible energy storage devices, the modification of flexible electrodes and gel electrolytes allows supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries to be well integrated into intelligent textiles. In addition, textiles-based sensors with various functions have been developed, such as temperature sensing, high-temperature warning, human motion state recognition, and environmental condition monitoring. Researchers are also focusing on developing the self-powered and multifunctional coupled sensors. These functional textiles are strategically integrated into firefighter's personal protective equipment-including clothing, gloves, and boot-through advanced techniques such as interwoven structures, multilayer lamination, and precision stitching. The advanced personal protective equipment demonstrates good performance, which is expected to significantly improve firefighter safety in high-risk environments.
Conclusion and Prospect The integration of intelligent textiles into firefighter's personal protective equipment has been well demonstrated in different scenarios. Considering the harshness of the firefighter rescuing environment, there are higher demands for the stability and durability of intelligent textiles. At present, research has focused on developing various intelligent textiles with different structures to improve performance, but still many challenges should be overcome when it comes to practical applications. Major limitations include: (1) Insufficient temperature regulation capacity of thermal management systems, where phase change materials face leakage risks and shape memory materials exhibit delayed responsiveness; (2) limited energy conversion efficiency and compromised durability of wearable energy devices in extreme temperatures; (3) multifunctional sensing textiles struggle to achieve simultaneous high sensitivity and reliable signal discrimination under complex interference. Addressing these issues requires innovative approaches integrating hierarchical material design, hybrid energy systems, and AI-enhanced adaptive algorithms to advance next-generation intelligent textiles. Besides, it is necessary to explore the effective integration of intelligent textiles with firefighter's personal protective equipment in combination with ergonomics. Considering the long-term and frequent use of personal protective equipment, it is also critical to pay attention to the impact of washing, aging, and other conditions on performance. Furthermore, establishing standard evaluation methods of various intelligent textiles will be helpful to compare the different functional devices, thereby improving their reliability and efficiency in the practical application. In short, extensive and in-depth research of intelligent textiles will promote the upgrade of firefighter's personal protective equipment, which will play a more important role in firefighting rescue operations.

Key words: firefighter's personal protective equipment, intelligent textile, nanomaterial, thermal management, triboelectric nanogenerator, sensor

CLC Number:

TS102

LIU Ye, WANG Junsheng, JIN Xing. Research progress in intelligent textiles for firefighter's personal protective equipment[J].Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(05): 105-115.

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参考文献	摩擦电正性材料	摩擦电负性材料	测试频率/Hz	电输出性能
参考文献	摩擦电正性材料	摩擦电负性材料	测试频率/Hz	V_oc/V	I_sc/μA	Q_sc/nC
[37]	银胶涂覆阻燃棉织物	PTFE浸渍棉织物	3	145	1.5	53
[38]	铜箔	PI/rGO/TiO₂复合纳米纤维膜	3	228.26	5.22	80
[18]	BaTiO₃/SiO₂/芳纶纳米纤维复合气凝胶纤维织物	PTFE织物	2	15.8	0.18	6
[40]	碳基气凝胶	氟化乙烯丙烯	1	80	25 μA/m²	15 μC/m²
[41]	锦纶织物	不锈钢丝/MXene/PI织物	5	153	13.13	-
[42]	芳纶纳米纤维膜	碳纳米纤维膜	1.5	24.08	0.368	6.95
[43]	聚磺胺纳米纤维膜	PVA-PTFE纳米纤维膜	2	26	0.25	-

Research progress in intelligent textiles for firefighter's personal protective equipment

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