Journal of Textile Research ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (03): 87-96.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20250803302

• Intelligent Health Monitoring Textiles • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Research progress on self-powered triboelectric textiles for smart health monitoring

ZENG Yuan1,2, GONG Chenyue1,2, DONG Kai1,2()   

  1. 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of High-Entropy Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
    2 School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2025-08-13 Revised:2025-12-15 Online:2026-03-15 Published:2026-03-15
  • Contact: DONG Kai E-mail:dongkai@binn.cas.cn

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Abstract:

Significance With the rapid development of Internet of Things wearable electronic devices and the growing demand for real-time health monitoring, the limitations of conventional wearable devices are becoming increasingly apparent. Conventional wearable devices typically rely on battery power, which has limited battery life, low comfort, and environmental pollution issues, thus difficult to meet the needs of long-term, continuous health monitoring. Triboelectric textiles (Tex-TENG) are a new type of self-powered sensor technology, which generates electrical energy from mechanical motion, relying on the coupling effect of contact electrification and electrostatic induction. They feature high sensitivity, fast response, and self-powered characteristics, enabling precise capture human physiological signals. Additionally, Tex-TENG can be integrated with flexible fabrics, providing innovative solutions for the application of wearable health monitoring devices in various scenarios. Therefore, it has great significance to systematically review the applications of Tex-TENG in the field of smart health monitoring and explore the potential challenges and innovations it faces.

Progress Tex-TENG represents a pioneering product that integrates triboelectric nanogenerator technology with conventional textile technology, thus demonstrating significant applications in smart health monitoring. This integration endows it with mechano-electric conversion capability and flexible sensing characteristics, making it a promising innovation in the field. Tex-TENG can be used as a physiological signal sensing system requiring no external power supply. It responds in real time to biomechanical stimuli such as movement, breathing, and pulses, and can even provide automatic early warning of diseases. Currently, Tex-TENG has been applied in various scenarios. In physiological signal monitoring, Tex-TENG is integrated into smart clothing to capture real-time changes in heart rate, respiration and body temperature, enabling high-precision data acquisition through sensing subtle deformations. In sports and rehabilitation management, Tex-TENG is embedded in sports equipment to provide data support for rehabilitation training. In the care of patients suffering from chronic diseases and special populations, it can be made into flexible patches to realize long-term non-invasive monitoring of physiological indicators and reduce the burden of use for the elderly. In wound care, it can be used as an intelligent bandage to provide real-time feedback on wound status. In the field of implantable devices, it can drive life support equipment such as pacemakers. In extreme environments and emergency rescue, Tex-TENG can act as a self-powered module to supply electricity to life detection equipment and locate trapped people at disaster sites. Through multi-dimensional technological innovation, Tex-TENG provides self-powered and highly adaptable solutions for wearable devices in smart health monitoring.

Conclusion and Prospect This review aims to explore the application of Tex-TENG in the field of human health care. It briefly describes the working principle and structural design of Tex-TENG. The focus is on its applications in the field of smart health monitoring, including real-time monitoring of physiological signals, exercise and rehabilitation management, long-term care for patients suffering from chronic diseases and special populations, smart wound care and implantable devices, extreme environments, and emergency rescue. Typical examples are provided in each aspect to illustrate the application of Tex-TENG in the field of human health care. The challenges faced and future development trends of Tex-TENG in the field of health management are also introduced. With the emergence of smarter technologies and the growing demand for life and health management in the future, Tex-TENG will be rapidly developed in the field of life and health management and gradually form mature products in the future. However, the application of Tex-TENG in the field of life and health management also faces many challenges, especially issues such as energy output performance and load matching, insufficient environmental stability in medical applications, conflicts between biocompatibility and wearability, and long-term reliability and scalability bottlenecks. Tex-TENG still requires further research to advance its transition from the laboratory to clinical products, bringing more advanced, convenient, and efficient monitoring solutions to the healthcare field.

Key words: triboelectric textiles, triboelectric nanogenerator, smart textiles, self-powered sensing, wearable device, health monitoring

CLC Number: 

  • TS 101.8

Fig.1

Electron-cloud-potential-well model (a) and four working modes (b) of TENG"

Fig.2

Schematic diagram of weaving technologies and fabrics"

Tab.1

Influence of preparation process on performance of Tex-TENG and comparison of fabric comfort with national standards"

文献
编号		 研究采用工艺 电学性能 织物舒适性 与国标对比 织物舒适性国标
[15] 湿法纺丝、数字刺绣、平纹编织 经100 000次循环输出稳定;5次洗涤后电输出不变 透气率1 290 mm/s 具有远超标准的透气性 透气率≥180 mm/s,
GB/T 21295—2007
《服装理化性能的技术要求》
4.14条[50];
透湿率
≥2 200 g/(m2·24 h),
GB/T 21295—2024
《服装理化性能的
技术要求》
5.2条[51]
[45] 同轴摩擦纺纱、连续浸涂、针织 5 cm×5 cm PPSN针织物:4 Hz、40 N下开路电压93 V,短路电流0.45 μA,9 GΩ负载下功率密度69.61 mW/m2;15 000次按压循环性能无衰减,10次水洗后性能保留80% 透气率2 630.78 mm/s;透湿率1 900 g/(m2·24 h);接触角142°疏水 具有远超标准的透气性;基本符合标准的透湿性
[47] 共轭静电纺、环丝纺、针织 高电压输出:3.5 cm内17.5 V;耐磨性:4 500次磨损周期;2.5 cm×2.5 cm针织物可点亮22个LED 透气率147.3 mm/s;
透湿率3 470 g/(m2·24 h)		 具有远超标准的透湿率
[48] 静电纺丝 旋转速度调节表面电位(35~110 V) 透气率100 mm/s;透光性>60% 基本符合标准的透气性
[49] 核壳纱线、机织 10 000次工作循环后电荷保持率基本不变;机洗20次后结构与性能基本保持不变 透气率621 mm/s;
透湿率211 g/(m2·h)		 具有远超标准的透气性
[50] 核壳结构纱线、摩擦纺纱 1 000次弯曲/扭曲后导电性能稳定;经过2 400次接触分离和20次洗涤后输出电压基本不变 透气率387.37 mm/s;30次机洗后抗冲击、电磁屏蔽性能无显著衰减 具有远超标准的透气性

Fig.3

Tex-TENG applications in medical and healthcare fields"

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