Journal of Textile Research ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (04): 109-118.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240800601

• Dyeing and Finishing Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Light fastness of dyed cotton fabrics modified with poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride

ZHAO Qiangqiang1, WANG Hanxing1, ZHANG Fengxuan1, HE Jinxin1, ZHOU Jun2, ZHOU Zhaochang2, DONG Xia1()   

  1. 1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    2. Zhejiang Boju New Materials Co., Ltd., Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
  • Received:2024-08-05 Revised:2024-12-26 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-06-11
  • Contact: DONG Xia E-mail:dongxia@dhu.edu.cn

RichHTML

4

PDF (PC)

9

Abstract:

Objective The addition of a large amount of electrolytes during the dyeing process of cotton fabric with reactive dyes can cause environmental pollution. The cationization of cotton fabric is an effective way to realize salt-free dyeing during its reactive dyeing. Compared to small molecule modifiers, cotton fabrics modified with cationic polymers can achieve higher dye uptake and fixation rates at lower dosages. However, some cotton fabrics dyed with cationic-modified dyes exhibit poor light fastness. Therefore, it is essential to study the factors affecting the light fastness of these fabrics to improve their durability.

Method Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) was selected as cationic modifier for cotton fabric cationization and the fabric was subsequently salt-free dyed with reactive dyes. The study investigated the effects of several factors on the light fastness of the dyed fabrics. These factors included the type and amount of reactive dyes, cationic agents, light intensities, air components and light wavelengths. Light fastness was assessed by color fastness standard and the analysis of fiber cross-sectional photos. In addition, this study examined the effects of anti-solarization fastness agents on improving the light fastness of PHMB-modified and salt-free dyed cotton fabrics. The cotton fabric was modified with small molecule modifiers and salt-free dyed, and its light fastness was assessed and compared with that of PHMB-modified fabric.

Results The light fastness tests on cotton fabrics dyed with three primary color reactive dyes revealed that PHMB-modified and salt-free dyed cotton fabrics exhibited lower light fastness compared with the conventionally dyed fabrics and those fixed with PHMB. This reduction in light fastness was attributed to the difficulty of the large molecule modifier (PHMB) diffusing into the fibers, leading to uneven modification of the cotton fabrics and increased difficulty for reactive dyes to penetrate the fiber interior. All three primary color reactive dyes used were azo dyes, prompting further investigation into the influence of dye chromophore types on the light fastness of the dyed fabrics. It was found that the light fastness of PHMB-modified cotton fabrics dyed with reactive dyes containing chromophores such as phthalocyanine was comparable to that of conventionally dyed fabrics, while the light fastness of fabrics dyed with most types of azo reactive dyes was significantly lower. When the color of the fabric was weak, the dyeing depth had a more pronounced effect on the light fastness of PHMB-modified dyed fabrics than on conventionally dyed fabrics. This result confirmed that the high light fastness of PHMB-modified cotton fabrics dyed with C.I. Reactive Black 5 and C.I. Reactive Blue 21 was related to their higher dyeing depth. The fading of dyed fabrics accelerated with the increase of light intensities. The presence of oxygen increased the fading of dyed fabrics, and both visible and ultraviolet light could cause the fading of dyed fabrics. Methods to improve the light fastness of PHMB-modified dyed fabrics were also explored. Some types of anti-solarization fastness agents could increase the light fastness by 0.5 levels. Reactive dyes were more evenly distributed on cotton fabrics modified with small molecule modifiers (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), leading to high light fastness of the dyed fabrics.

Conclusion The research findings indicate that the light fastness of PHMB-modified and dyed cotton fabrics is related to the distribution of dyes on the fibers and the type of dye used. PHMB-modified cotton fabrics dyed with reactive dyes with high light stability, such as phthalocyanine-containing dyes, exhibit good light fastness. When the color of the fabric is weak, the effect of dyeing depth on PHMB-modified dyed fabrics is more significant than that on conventional dyed fabrics. The fading of PHMB-modified dyed fabrics is faster in the presence of oxygen. And both visible and ultraviolet light can cause the fading of dyed fabrics. The anti-solarization fastness agents can increase the light fastness of some dyed fabrics by 0.5 levels, and fabrics modified with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium choride have higher light fastness after salt-free dyeing, but the amount of cationic agents used is relatively large and the utilization rate is low. Therefore, further improvement is needed in subsequent research.

Key words: cotton fabric, cationic polymer, poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride, reactive dye, salt-free dyeing, light fastness, anti-solarization fastness agent

CLC Number: 

  • TS193.6

Tab.1

Influence of action mode of cationic agents on light fastness"

试样使用的染料 耐日晒色牢度/级
传统染色 PHMB改性 PHMB固色
C.I.活性红195 5~6 4 5~6
C.I.活性黄145 6 4~5 6
C.I.活性蓝194 4~5 3~4 5

Fig.1

Cross section photos of dyed fabrics with different modes of action of cationic agents. (a)Use C.I.Reactive Red 195; (b)Use C.I.Reactive Yellow 145; (c)Use C.I.Reactive Blue 194"

Tab.2

Influence of reactive dye type on light fastness"

试样使用的
染料		 耐日晒色牢度/级 分子量 母体类型
传统染色 PHMB改性
C.I.活性红195 5~6 4 1 136.31 单偶氮型
C.I.活性红24 6 4 788.07 单偶氮型
C.I.活性蓝194 4~5 3~4 1 205.38 双偶氮型
C.I.活性黑5 4~5 5 991.82 双偶氮型
C.I.活性蓝221 5~6 5~6 1 083.83 甲䐶型
C.I.活性蓝21 4~5 5 1 079.55 酞菁型
C.I.活性蓝198 5~6 5 1 492.84 噁嗪型
C.I.活性蓝19 6 5~6 626.55 蒽醌型
C.I.活性蓝49 5~6 3~4 882.19 蒽醌型

Tab.3

Influence of reactive dye dosage on light fastness"

染料用量/
%(o.w.f)		 耐日晒色牢度/级
使用C.I.活性红195 使用C.I.活性红24
传统染色 改性织物 传统染色 改性织物
0.5 4 1 5 1~2
1.0 4~5 3 5 3
1.5 5 3 5~6 4
2.0 5~6 4 6 4
2.5 5~6 4 6 4
3.0 5~6 4 6 4

Tab.4

Color difference of dyed fabric before and after its exposure to light with different intensities"

光照强度/
(W·m-2)		 试样的色差
使用C.I.活性红195 使用C.I.活性红24
500 0.40 0.73
1 000 0.50 0.89
1 500 0.75 1.06
2 000 1.63 1.38
3 000 2.20 1.89

Tab.5

Color difference of dyed fabric before and after its exposure to light with different air components"

光照时间/
min		 试样的色差
使用C.I.活性红195 使用C.I.活性红24
有氧 无氧 有氧 无氧
30 1.11 0.13 0.55 0.53
60 1.18 0.49 0.92 0.84
90 1.79 0.62 1.41 1.20
120 2.37 1.26 1.60 1.42

Tab.6

Color difference of dyed fabric before and after its exposure to light with different light wavelengths"

光照时间/
min		 试样的色差
使用C.I.活性红195 使用C.I.活性红24
可见光 紫外光 可见光 紫外光
30 0.08 0.64 0.36 0.17
60 0.24 0.77 0.71 0.20
90 0.76 1.37 0.93 0.26
120 1.36 1.51 1.09 0.42

Tab.7

Light fastness of different dyed fabrics"

试样使用的
染料		 耐日晒色牢度/级
传统染色 CHPTAC改性 PHMB改性
C.I.活性红195 5~6 5~6 4
C.I.活性红24 6 6 4
C.I.活性蓝194 4~5 5 3~4
C.I.活性蓝49 5~6 6 3~4

Fig.2

Cross section photos of different dyed fabrics. (a)Use C.I.Reactive Red 195; (b)Use C.I.Reactive Red 24; (c)Use C.I.Reactive Blue 194; (d)C.I.Reactive Blue 49"

Tab.8

Light fastness of fabrics treated with different anti-solarization fastness agents"

日晒牢度提升剂 耐日晒色牢度/级
C.I.活性
红195		 C.I.活性
红24		 C.I.活性
蓝194		 C.I.活性
蓝49
空白 4 4 3~4 3~4
UV-328 4~5 4~5 3~4 3~4
UV-329 4~5 4~5 3~4 4
UV-9 4 4 3~4 3~4
UV-531 4 4~5 3~4 4
LS-770 4 4~5 3~4 3~4
JYK UV-130 4 4~5 3~4 3~4
JYK UV-132 4 4~5 3~4 3~4
UV-SUN CEL Liquid 4 4 3~4 3~4
[1] 毛乐意. 改性棉针织面料染色工艺研究[J]. 针织工业, 2018(10): 49-51.
MAO Leyi. Research on dyeing process of modified cotton knitted fabric[J]. Knitting Industries, 2018(10): 49-51.
[2] 郭静, 张红娟, 胡钒, 等. 非水介质体系下混碱对活性染料染色的影响[J]. 印染, 2022, 48(7): 12-15.
GUO Jing, ZHANG Hongjuan, HU Fan, et al. Effect of mixed alkali on reactive dyeing under non-aqueous media[J]. China Dyeing & Finishing, 2022, 48(7): 12-15.
[3] 王东伟, 房宽峻, 刘秀明, 等. 胺化活性红195/聚合物微球的制备及其在棉织物染色中的应用[J]. 纺织学报, 2022, 43(4): 90-96.
WANG Dongwei, FANG Kuanjun, LIU Xiuming, et al. Preparation of amino-modified Reactive Red 195/polymer nanospheres and its application on dyeing of cotton fabrics[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2022, 43(4): 90-96.
[4] 刘添涛, 陈志华. 活性染料低盐和无盐染色技术[J]. 染整技术, 2023, 45(10): 1-9.
LIU Tiantao, CHEN Zhihua. Technology of low salt and salt free dyeing with reactive dyes[J]. Textile Dyeing and Finishing Journal, 2023, 45(10): 1-9.
[5] 吴伟, 纪柏林, 毛志平, 等. 活性及分散染料染色新技术[J]. 纺织学报, 2023, 44(5): 1-12.
WU Wei, JI Bolin, MAO Zhiping, et al. Review of new dyeing technologies for reactive dyes and disperse dyes[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(5): 1-12.
[6] 吴文胜, 李志伟, 黄鸿发, 等. 阳离子改性棉织物低盐低碱活性染色[J]. 印染助剂, 2022, 39 (10): 43-48.
WU Wensheng, LI Zhiwei, HUANG Hongfa, et al. Low salt and low alkali reactive dyeing of cationic modified cotton fabric[J]. Textile Auxiliaries, 2022, 39 (10): 43-48.
[7] 夏伟, 高月, 顾海, 等. CHPTAC改性棉的活性染料无盐深色染色[J]. 印染, 2018, 44(5): 27-31.
XIA Wei, GAO Yue, GU Hai, et al. Salt-free reactive dyeing of cotton fabric modified with CHPTAC in ultra-deep shades[J]. China Dyeing & Finishing, 2018, 44(5): 27-31.
[8] ZHANG T, ZHANG S, QIAN W, et al. Reactive dyeing of cationized cotton fabric: the effect of cationization level[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2021, 9(36): 12355-12364.
[9] ZHANG M, JU B Z, ZHANG S F, et al. Synthesis of cationic hydrolyzed starch with high DS by dry process and use in salt-free dyeing[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2007, 69(1): 123-129.
[10] 王生, 王熙蔚, 陆艺萱, 等. 壳聚糖季铵盐改性棉织物的无盐染色工艺研究[J]. 针织工业, 2023(6): 53-57.
WANG Sheng, WANG Xiwei, LU Yixuan, et al. Salt-free dyeing process of cotton fabric modified with chitosan quaternary ammonium salts[J]. Knitting Industries, 2023(6): 53-57.
[11] 韩学琴, 梁志光, 田军明. 活性染料无盐染色研究进展[J]. 广东化工, 2021, 48(15): 137-139.
HAN Xueqin, LIANG Zhiguang, TIAN Junming. Advance in study of salt-free dyeing of reactive dyes[J]. Guangdong Chemical Industry, 2021, 48(15): 137-139.
[12] 马威, 张淑芬, 具本植, 等. 高取代度阳离子淀粉改性棉纤维用于活性染料无盐染色的研究[J]. 染料与染色, 2011, 48(1): 19-23.
MA Wei, ZHANG Shufen, JU Benzhi, et al. A study on salt-free reactive dyeing of cotton being modified by cationized starch with high degrees of substitution[J]. Dyestuffs and Coloration, 2011, 48(1): 19-23.
[13] AKTEK T, MILLAT A K M M. Salt free dyeing of cotton fiber-a critical review[J]. International Journal of Textile Science, 2017, 6(2): 21-33.
[14] NIU T, WU Y, ZHAI X, et al. Investigation on multifunctional modification of cotton fabrics for salt-free dyeing, resisting crease and inhibiting bacteria[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129131.
[15] WANG W Y, CHIOU J C, CHEN W X, et al. A salt-free, zero-discharge and dyebath-recyclable circular coloration technology based on cationic polyelectrolyte complex for cotton fabric dyeing[J]. Cellulose, 2022, 29(2): 1249-1262.
[16] WANG W Y, KAN C W. An eco-friendly dyeing method: bromophenol blue (BPB) applied for dyeing cotton fabrics coated with cationic finishing agents[J]. Cellulose, 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s10570-020-03375-4.
[17] XIA J, ZHANG C, LIU X, et al. Efficient cationization of cotton fabric via oxidative pretreatment for salt-free reactive dyeing with low chemical consumption[J]. Green Chemistry, 2022, 24(23): 9180-9190.
[18] 戴萍, 滕兴华, 蔡雅楠, 等. 改性棉织物的南瓜色素天然染料染色[J]. 印染, 2023, 49(3): 46-49.
DAI Ping, TENG Xinghua, CAI Yanan, et al. Modified cotton dyeing with natural colorants extracted from pumpkin[J]. China Dyeing & Finishing, 2023, 49(3): 46-49.
[19] 田媛. 影响耐光色牢度试验结果的因素探究[J]. 纺织标准与质量, 2023(6): 50-53.
TIAN Yuan. Exploration of factors affecting the results of light fastness test[J]. Textile Testing and Standard, 2023(6): 50-53.
[20] 胡蝶, 张婷婷, 胡涵昌, 等. 活性染料在棉纤维上的扩散性能及其影响因素研究[J]. 纤维素科学与技术, 2020, 28(4): 38-45.
HU Die, ZHANG Tingting, HU Hanchang, et al. Diffusion performance of reactive dyes on cotton fiber and the influencing factors[J]. Journal of Cellulose Science and Technology, 2020, 28(4): 38-45.
[21] 魏丽丽. 影响活性染料染色织物的日晒牢度因素分析[J]. 染料与染色, 2007(3): 17-19, 40.
WEI Lili. Analysis of the factors affecting light fastness of the fabrics with reactive dyes[J]. Dyestuffs and Coloration, 2007(3): 17-19, 40.
[22] 张海燕, 钱涛, 余培泽, 等. C.I.活性黑5染色棉织物的光汗复合褪色机理[J]. 浙江理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 45(6): 763-772.
ZHANG Haiyan, QIAN Tao, YU Peize, et al. The discoloration mechanism of cotton fabrics dyed with C.I.Reactive Black 5 under light perspiration conditions[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(Natural Sciences Edition), 2021, 45(6): 763-772.
[23] 蔡为, 陆坤泉, 刘念. 提高活性染料染色织物耐汗/光色牢度的方法[J]. 现代丝绸科学与技术, 2015(2): 73-75.
CAI Wei, LU Kunquan, LIU Nian. Methods to improving the sweat/color fastness of fabrics dyed with reactive dyes[J]. Modern Silk Science & Technology, 2015(2): 73-75.
[24] 梁天宇, 刘军, 丁克毅. 醛基型三苯二噁嗪活性染料的合成与应用[J]. 中国皮革, 2017, 46(8): 13-19.
LIANG Tianyu, LIU Jun, DING Keyi. Synthesis and application of triphenodioxazine reactive dye with aldehyde as reactive group[J]. China Leather, 2017, 46(8): 13-19.
[25] 朱华. 浅谈活性染料耐日晒色牢度的影响因素[J]. 印染助剂, 2008(3): 5-8.
ZHU Hua. Presentation of the factors affecting the sunlight fastness of the reactive dyes[J]. Textile Auxiliaries, 2008(3): 5-8.
[26] 宋心远, 沈煜如. 活性染料的色牢度及其影响因素[J]. 印染, 2006(13): 40-44.
SONG Xinyuan, SHEN Yuru. Color fastness of reactive dyes and its influencing factors[J]. China Dyeing & Finishing, 2006(13): 40-44.
[27] 马威, 姜雪, 唐炳涛, 等. 光稳定剂在提高染料光牢度中的应用[J]. 中国科技论文在线, 2010, 5(12): 938-945.
MA Wei, JIANG Xue, TANG Bingtao, et al. Application of light stabilizers in the improvement of light fastness of dyes[J]. China Science Paper, 2010, 5(12): 938-945.
[28] 杨环. 光活性化合物对蒽醌系蓝色染料耐光色牢度的影响[D]. 上海: 东华大学, 2016: 11-12.
YANG Huan. Effect of optically active compounds on the fastness to light of anthraquinone blue dyes[D]. Shanghai: Donghua University, 2016: 11-12.
[29] PRUŚ S, KULPIŃSKI P, MATYJAS-ZGONDEK E, et al. The light fastness of the reactive dyes on cationized cellulose[J]. Journal of Natural Fibers, 2023. DOI: 10.1080/15440478.2023.2215995.
[30] 曾雪梅, 何雨霖, 余崇东, 等. 受阻胺光稳定剂的协同作用及研究进展[J]. 塑料科技, 2023, 51(8): 107-111.
ZENG Xuemei, HE Yulin, YU Chongdong, et al. Synergistic effect and research progress of hindered amine light stabilizerss[J]. Plastics Science and Technology, 2023, 51(8): 107-111.
[31] 曹机良, 陈艺佳, 李峻, 等. 改性棉织物一浴无盐荧光染色及防紫外线整理[J]. 针织工业, 2018(9): 33-36.
CAO Jiliang, CHEN Yijia, LI Jun, et al. One bath salt- free fluorescent dyeing and anti-UV finishing of modified cotton fabric[J]. Knitting Industries, 2018(9): 33-36.
[1] HUANG Chunyue, HUANG Xin, DU Haijuan, XU Wenjie, YANG Xuemei, WAN Keyan, LI Xu, GAO Jie. Preparation of octamolybdates complex finishing agents and their ultraviolet protection property for finishing cotton fabrics [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(04): 138-145.
[2] LIAO Xilin, ZENG Yuan, LIU Shuping, LI Liang, LI Shujing, LIU Rangtong. Preparation of P/N/Si composite synergistic flame retardant cotton fabric and its performance [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(03): 151-157.
[3] ZHANG Jie, GUO Xinyuan, GUAN Jinping, CHENG Xianwei, CHEN Guoqiang. Modification of cotton fabric by in-situ deposition of phosphorus/nitrogen flame retardants for durable flame retardancy [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(02): 180-187.
[4] YUAN Huabin, WANG Yifeng, WANG Jiapeng, XIANG Yongxuan, CHEN Guoqiang, XING Tieling. Modification of cotton fabrics by behenic acid and ZIF-8 for superhydrophobic and anti-icing performance [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(02): 197-206.
[5] CUI Fang, ZHANG Xinqing, YIN Fei, LI Dawei, LEI Miaomiao, XIE Zhiyong. Urea-free printing on viscose fabrics using Reactive Red 24 by foam fed alkali [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(02): 138-144.
[6] CHAO Tanyu, YE Yun, LI Na, LIAO Sihan, MA Qikai, CUI Li. Degreasing finishing of cotton fabrics based on lipase immobilization and its application [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(01): 130-137.
[7] LI Wanxin, SHU Dawu, AN Fangfang, HAN Bo, REN Zhigang, SHAN Juchuan. Degradation of reactive dye wastewater by titanium carbide and Fe3+ activated sodium persulfate [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(01): 138-147.
[8] WU Hao, ZHOU Chang'e, GAO Zhenqing, FENG Jiahe. Color stripping performance of cotton fabrics dyed with reactive dyes based on reduction-oxidation system [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(12): 128-136.
[9] WANG Xinyu, GUO Mingming, ZHANG Lele, ZHENG Weijie, AMJAD Farooq, WANG Zongqian. Preparation and performance analysis of durable antimicrobial and superhydrophobic cotton fabrics [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(11): 170-177.
[10] XIAO Yuan, TONG Yao, HU Cheng'an, WU Xianjun, YANG Leipeng. Preparation of all-fabric flexible piezoresistive sensors based on conductive composite coating [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(10): 152-160.
[11] ZHANG Yingxiu, XU Lihui, PAN Hong, YAO Chengjian, ZHAO Hong, DOU Meiran, SHEN Yong, ZHAO Shiyi. Preparation and property analysis of superhydrophobic cotton fabric based on bagasse porous carbon [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(10): 161-169.
[12] ZHAO Qiang, LIU Zhengjiang, GAO Xiaoping, ZHANG Yunting, ZHANG Hong. Functionality of cotton fabrics finished by montmorillonite combined with TiO2 [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(09): 121-128.
[13] LIU Hui, LI Ping, ZHU Ping, LIU Yun. Preparation and properties of flame retardant and antibacterial cotton fabrics treated by γ-urea-propyltriethoxysilane/phenylphosphonic acid [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(08): 205-214.
[14] ZHAO Pan, TAN Wenli, ZHAO Xinrui, FU Jinfan, LIU Chengxian, YUAN Jiugang. Preparation and properties of degradable film by micro-dissolution thermal welding using ionic liquid [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(08): 89-98.
[15] LI Xu, LIU Xiangji, JIN Xin, YANG Chenghao, DONG Chaohong. Preparation of durable and efficient P/N synergical flame retardant and its application on cotton fabrics [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(07): 121-129.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备14006648号
Copyright 2021 © Editorial office of Journal of Textile Research
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd