防水透湿纳米纤维复合织物研究现状及发展趋势

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20241103802

Abstract

Abstract:

Significance Popular participation in outdoor activities has led increased demand of outdoor jackets. In various environments, waterproof and moisture permeable fabric plays an important role in maintaining a comfortable micro-environment between human body and clothing. A variety of technologies has been developed for manufacturing waterproof and moisture permeable fabrics such as high-density fabrics, coated fabrics and laminated fabrics. As laminated fabrics, the traditional materials like GoreTex have dominated the market but still face the environmental challenges due to fluorinated compounds and high production costs. Nanofiber composite fabrics have the advantages of simple production process, high porosity, and light weight, and the multi-layer structure offers a solution by enabling simultaneous water resistance and rapid moisture transport. Nanofiber composites fabrics (NCFs) with fluorine-free materials also enhances sustainability, aligning with the demands for eco-friendly outdoor apparels.

Progress The preparation of nanofiber composite fabrics (NCFs) involves the preparation of nanofiber membranes (NMs), the composite of membranes and base fabrics. All various nanofiber membranes, fabrics and composite methods could affect the performance of NCFs. NMs present microporous structures with controllable pore size. However, many conventional NMs show low water resistance due to their poor hydrophobicity. To solve this problem, fluorinated compounds were introduced onto the nanofibers to achieve low-surface-energy surfaces. However, fluoropolymers are harmful to the environment and the biological systems, because of this they have been restricted in recent years. As a result, researchers have been increasingly studying on fluorine-free low-surface-energy additives. For example, SiO₂ nanoparticles were introduced on the NMs and enhance the waterproofness, but the durability performance was also needed to improve. In fact, to optimize the composite process of NMs and base fabric can enhance the durability the NCFs, but the waterproof property and moisture permeability could be lowered. It was reported that a heat thermal induction process could increase the adhesive structure in the membrane, but the waterproof property was decreased. To summarize, the current research usually solves local problems of NCFs, and it is difficult to achieve the balance of waterproof, moisture permeability, sustainability and durability. In recent years, electrospinning technology was developed for application. For example, Ecobreath prepared NCFs using PFCs-free NMs, which has good waterproof property and moisture permeability. Besides the properties mentioned above, additional functions such as antibacterial, stain resistance and UV resistance were also studied in recent years.

Conclusion and Prospect Waterproof and moisture permeable nanofiber composite fabrics have the potential for application in outdoor functional clothing, but its development and application are limited due to its poor durability and mechanical properties, fluoropolymer pollution. To be waterproof and moisture permeable, green, multifunctional, and durable is the developing trend of NCFs for outdoor functional clothing in the future. Most of the current studies only focused on optimizing a specific performance, but it is difficult to balance the waterproof, moisture permeability and the properties mentioned above. Therefore, the future study should consider the integrity of the NCFs system to achieve balanced optimization and multi-scenario applications. Briefly, the further study could be developed based on the integrity of the NCFs system from the following aspects. One thing is to improve the mechanical properties of NMs by polymer doping modification and surface coating treatment. The second is to replace fluoropolymer with Fluorine free materials such as silicon-based materials to make it cleaner production and application. Thirdly, the base fabric of NSFs is scientifically designed to achieve moisture permeability, and to finish the fabrics to achieve multi-functions such as waterproof, anti-ultraviolet and anti-bacterial properties. The last thing is to optimize the composite process of NMs and base fabric to enhance the durability of NSFs. The application of improved NCFs would be helpful for the enhancement of outdoor clothing comfort and functionalities.

Key words: waterproof, moisture permeable, nanofiber composite fabric, outdoor jacket, electrospinning, nanofiber membrane

CLC Number:

TS156

MA Xiaoyuan, BAO Wei. Review and future perspectives of waterproof and moisture permeable nanofiber composite fabrics[J].Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(08): 254-262.

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URL: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/EN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20241103802

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Figures/Tables 5

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References 61

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公司	代表产品	纳米纤维膜主要材料	耐静水压/ kPa	透湿率/ (g·(m²·24 h)^-1)	性能特点
Finetex EnE	Nexture	PA、PU、PVDF	≥68.63	>8 000	质轻柔软,拉伸性能良好^[55]
The North Face	FUTURELIGHT	—	≥98.05	—	防水性能好、质轻柔软
Ecobreath	Ecobreath^® Ultra Ecobreath^® Active	PFCs-free	>147.06 水洗20次后 ≥49.02	>10 000	耐洗涤,结合牢度好,透湿性能优,无氟材料
联润翔(青岛)纺织科技有限公司	Surforce^®纳米覆膜防风裤	PU、TPU	—	>6 600	透气导湿、回弹性好
江苏三丰特种材料科技有限公司	AirShift^®	聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、PVDF、FPU	>98.07	9 000	透气、超轻防水

Review and future perspectives of waterproof and moisture permeable nanofiber composite fabrics

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