Journal of Textile Research ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 142-150.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20250205601

• Dyeing and Finishing Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Antibacterial finishing of wool and silk fabrics with Ginkgo Biloba flavonoids

GU Jiayu1,2(), ZHANG Weidong1, DONG Yongchun3, SUN Xuan4, XU Liangjun5   

  1. 1. College of Textile and Fashion, Jiangsu College of Engineering and Technology, Nantong, Jiangsu 226006, China
    2. SHINEFAIR Textile Co., Ltd., Huzhou, Zhejiang 313109, China
    3. College of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
    4. Guangzhou Inspection Testing and Certification Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 511447, China
    5. Kodobo Baoling Interlining (Nantong) Co., Ltd., Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, China
  • Received:2025-02-25 Revised:2025-09-11 Online:2026-01-15 Published:2026-01-15

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Abstract:

Objective In order to further explore and enhance the added value of colorless or light-colored plant extracts in the field of textile functionalization, this study focuses on utilizing flavonoids derived from Ginkgo Biloba leaf extracts (GBL-e) to impart antibacterial properties to two fabrics (wool and silk fabrics). While much existing research emphasizes the dyeing potential of pigmented plant extracts, this work intentionally targets underutilized, low-color botanical resources that are rich in bioactive compounds, aiming to provide an eco-friendly and sustainable approach to fabric finishing, aligning with growing demands for green manufacturing processes. The research systematically evaluates the extraction, identification, adsorption behavior, and antibacterial efficacy of GBL-e flavonoids on wool/silk substrates, thereby offering a comprehensive strategy for valorizing plant waste and expanding the functional applications of natural extracts in fabrics.

Method Initially, the flavonoid-rich Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract (GBL-e) was prepared using an ethanol/water extraction technique. Following extraction, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to qualitatively and quantitatively identify the specific types of flavonoids present in GBL-e, offering critical insights into its composition. Subsequently, the two fabrics were subjected to functional finishing treatment using the as-prepared GBL-e solution. Throughout this finishing process, the adsorption behavior and binding mechanism of flavonoids onto the wool/silk substrates were rigorously examined using established adsorption reaction models, enabling a deeper understanding of the interaction kinetics and equilibrium characteristics. Finally, the antibacterial efficacy of the treated fabrics was evaluated to determine their potential for practical applications in bioactive fabrics.

Results The retention time of the HPLC spectrum of GBL-e was the same as that of that of the mixed standards (quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin), which were 10.657 min, 23.288 min and 41.247 min, respectively, suggesting that these three flavonoids were present in GBL-e; After the determination of flavonoids of Ginkgo Biloba leaves collected in different seasons, it was found that although the flavonoid content of the leaves was the highest in June, but the flavonoid content of Ginkgo Biloba leaves in November did not decrease a lot, which indicated an additional value of Ginkgo Biloba fallen leaves. In the process of finishing protein fabrics with GBL-e, the flavonoid adsorption amount (Qfla value) and dye-uptakes (Et) and K/S curves of the two protein fabrics showed a gradual increase in the trend with the prolongation of the finishing time; moreover, by increasing the concentration of flavonoids in the finishing solution, the Qfla,e values of the two fabrics also increased. In terms of kinetic modeling, the correlation coefficients of quasi-primary kinetics of flavonoid adsorption of GBL-e on the two fibers were poor, while the fitting correlation coefficient (r2) of quasi-secondary kinetics was above 0.99, so the quasi-secondary kinetics was more in line with the process of the adsorption of flavonoids on the protein fabrics. In terms of thermodynamic modeling, the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isothermal equations of flavonoids from GBL-e on both wool/silk fabrics reached r2 values above 0.98, but the Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation had a higher r2 value than that of the Freundlich isothermal adsorption equation. In the presence of the control fabrics only, the medium contained more of colonies in the medium decreased significantly in the presence of GBL-e finished protein fabrics, which implies that both GBL-e finished protein fabrics have significant antibacterial activity.

Conclusion The main chemical components in GBL-e quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin; prolonging the finishing time and increasing the concentration of flavonoids contribute to the adsorption of flavonoids on the protein fabrics. The adsorption process of GBL-e on the protein fibers conforms to Lagergren's quasi second-order kinetic model, and the isothermal model of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption. The GBL-e-finished wool/silk fabrics had good antibacterial activity.

Key words: Ginkgo biloba leaf extract, wool fabric, silk fabric, kinetics, thermodynamics, antibacterial property, antibacterial finishing, functional textiles

CLC Number: 

  • TS190

Fig.1

HPLC chromatograms of standard substances of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin"

Fig.2

HPLC chromatograms of GBL-e"

Fig.3

Flavonoid contents in GBL across different seasons"

Fig.4

Influence of finishing time on adsorption of flavonoids by two fabrics"

Fig.5

Changes in Et value of GBL-e finished fabric during dyeing process"

Fig.6

K/S value curves of GBL-e-S in dyeing process"

Fig.7

K/S values curve of GBL-e-W in dyeing process"

Fig.8

Influence of flavonoid mass concentration on adsorption of flavonoids by two fabrics"

Fig.9

Pseudo-first-order kinetic model for flavonoid adsorption by two fibers"

Fig.10

Pseudo-second-order kinetic model for flavonoid adsorption by two fibers"

Tab.1

Pseudo-first-order kinetic equations and parameters for flavonoid adsorption from GBL-e by two fibers"

织物样品 准一级动力学方程 k1 r2
GBL-e-S ln(1-F)=-0.021 75 t 0.022 0.966 5
GBL-e-W ln(1-F)=-0.020 33 t 0.020 0.981 9

Tab.2

Pseudo-second-order kinetic equations and parameters for flavonoid adsorption from GBL-e by two fibers"

织物样品 准二级动力学方程 k2 Qfla,e r2
GBL-e-S t/Qfla,t=0.139 9t+3.480 2 0.006 6 7.15 0.997 9
GBL-e-W t/Qfla,t=0.188 9t+5.331 7 0.005 6 5.29 0.999 0

Fig.11

Langmuir adsorption isotherm model for flavonoids by two fabrics"

Fig.12

Freundlich adsorption isotherm for flavonoids by two fabrics"

Tab.3

Langmuir adsorption isotherm equations and parameters for flavonoids from GBL-e by two fabrics"

织物样品 Langmuir吸附等温方程 kL Qfla,m r2
GBL-e-S 1/Qfla,e=0.036 5 Cfla,e+0.124 8 3.42 8.01 0.993 1
GBL-e-W 1/Qfla,e=0.050 3 Cfla,e+0.171 6 3.40 5.83 0.997 7

Tab.4

Freundlich adsorption isotherm equations and parameters for flavonoids from GBL-e by two fabrics"

织物样品 Freundlich吸附等温方程 kF n r2
GBL-e-S lnQfla,e=0.471 4 lnCfla,e+
1.914 2		 0.649 3 2.240 0.994 3
GBL-e-W lnQfla,e=0.446 4 lnCfla,e+
1.571 7		 0.452 2 2.121 0.982 1

Fig.13

Antibacterial properties of two dyed fabrics"

Tab.5

Antibacterial properties of two GBL-e dyed"

织物 菌落数 抑菌率/%
E.coil S.aureus E.coil S.aureus
蚕丝
织物		 未染色 148 122 0 0
GBL-e-S 7 8 95.95 93.44
羊毛
织物		 未染色 173 171 0 0
GBL-e-S 36 30 85.96 82.48

Fig.14

Changes in antibacterial property of GBL-e finished fabric before and after soap washing"

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