纺织学报, 2026, 47(03): 233-239 doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20250803701

功能性纺织品

新型抗菌纤维的制备及其性能

李瑞瑞1, 文鹏1, 张勇1, 陈学军,2

1 南京禾素时代抗菌材料科技集团有限公司, 江苏 南京 210000

2 南京源健生物科技有限公司, 江苏 南京 210000

Preparation and properties of novel antimicrobial fibers

LI Ruirui1, WEN Peng1, ZHANG Yong1, CHEN Xuejun,2

1 Nanjing Bioserica Era Antimicrobial Materials Technology Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China

2 Nanjing Yuanjian Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China

通讯作者: 陈学军(1964—),男,正高级工程师。主要研究方向为生物基降解材料和抗菌材料。E-mail:528926442@qq.com。

收稿日期: 2025-08-18   修回日期: 2026-01-12  

Received: 2025-08-18   Revised: 2026-01-12  

作者简介 About authors

李瑞瑞(1992—),男,工程师,硕士。主要研究方向为生物基抗菌材料。

摘要

针对传统抗菌纤维制备过程中出现的环境污染、使用阶段的重金属离子缓释迁移及耐洗性不足等问题,以来源于生物基高分子材料聚3-羟基丁酸戊酸酯(PHBV)的低聚物(OPHB)为抗菌剂,结合超临界流体技术,成功制备出新型抗菌纤维:OPHB抗菌纤维,并系统分析了该纤维及其经纺纱、织造和染色处理后的织物性能。核磁共振和红外光谱表征结果证实,OPHB为PHBV低聚物;安全性测试结果表明,该物质无毒、无刺激性,无致突变风险。当纤维中OPHB添加量为0.5%时,OPHB抗菌纤维兼具高效抗菌性、耐水洗性和安全性,且对纤维原有力学性能无显著影响。溶出性检测结果显示,该纤维抑菌圈宽度均为0或1 mm,属于完全非溶出型抗菌产品。此外,OPHB抗菌纤维所制得的织物仍可保持优异的抗菌性能,对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白念珠菌的抑菌率均达到90%以上。

关键词： 抗菌纤维; 聚3-羟基丁酸戊酸酯; 超临界流体技术; 耐水洗; 非溶出型抗菌; 功能性纤维

Abstract

Objective This study presents an novel technological approach for preparing antimicrobial fibers by integrating oligomers poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) with a supercritical fluid. The objective is to develop antimicrobial fibers that exhibit both high antimicrobial rate and wash resistance. Through this integration, the fibers maintain their functional properties even after repeated washing, thereby enhancing their durability and practical applicability.

Method The molecular structures and functional groups of both PHBV and its derived oligomers (OPHB) were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. In accordance with the Disinfection Technical Specification (2002 edition), the minimum inhibitory concentration and safety profile of OPHB were systematically evaluated. Antimicrobial fiber was processed by supercritical fluid technology, and its antimicrobial function comes from OPHB. The physical properties of the fibers were assessed both before and after the processing. Subsequently, the processed fibers were subjected to 50 washing cycles in compliance with the Chinese textile standard FZ/T 73023—2006. The antimicrobial rate of the processed fibers was quantitatively determined before and after washing, in accordance with the testing protocol specified in GB/T 20944.3—2008.

Results The structural characteristics of OPHB were investigated using FT-IR spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy. The analytical results confirmed that OPHB is an oligomeric derivative of PHBV. OPHB demonstrated minimum inhibitory concentration of 5 000 mg/L against both E. coli (a gram-negative bacterium) and S. aureus (a gram-positive bacterium) through antimicrobial susceptibility testing. This comparable efficacy across bacterial classes underscores its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Comprehensive safety evaluations further demonstrated that OPHB is non-toxic, non-irritating to skin, and non-mutagenic. Antimicrobial fibers were fabricated by applying the supercritical fluid technology and OPHB to a range of common textile substrates, including cotton, viscose, Modal, and polyester. At an OPHB content of 0.5%, all treated fibers achieved antimicrobial rates exceeding 90%. Increasing the OPHB concentration to 1% further enhanced performance, yielding near-complete inhibition rate (approaching 100%). Notably, after undergoing 50 standardized washing cycles in accordance with FZ/T 73023—2006, the antimicrobial rate of the treated fibers remained above 90%, thereby demonstrating exceptional wash durability and long-term functional stability. Mechanical integrity assessments confirmed that the processing technology did not adversely affect physical and mechanical properties of the fiber. Specifically, no statistically significant changes were observed in linear density, tensile strength, or elongation at break, indicating that the structural integrity of the fibers was fully preserved during processing. Furthermore, leaching of antimicrobial components was evaluated by the inhibition zone test. All treated fibers exhibited negligible inhibition zones (D<1), confirming a non-leaching mechanism of action. Finally, textile fabrics produced through standard industrial processes, including spinning, weaving, and dyeing of fibers, maintained high antimicrobial performance. These fabrics exhibited antimicrobial rates of approximately 90% against three distinct bacterial strains, both before and after repeated washing, highlighting the robustness and practical applicability of the developed technology.

Conclusion As an oligomer derived from PHBV, OPHB combines safety with high antimicrobial rate, demonstrating excellent antimicrobial activity even at low concentrations. The supercritical fluid technology for OPHB loading is applicable to diverse fiber substrates, yielding antimicrobial fibers with outstanding long-lasting washing resistance while maintaining mechanical properties nearly identical to untreated fibers. OPHB-based antimicrobial fibers function via a non-leaching mechanism, minimizing potential risks to human skin and making them suitable for intimate apparel and similar textiles. Fabrics produced from OPHB antimicrobial fibers through full-process operations, including spinning, weaving, and dyeing, retain superior antimicrobial performance and washing resistance.

Keywords： antimicrobial fiber; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate); supercritical fluid technology; washing resistance; non-leaching antimicrobial; functional fiber

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本文引用格式

李瑞瑞, 文鹏, 张勇, 陈学军. 新型抗菌纤维的制备及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2026, 47(03): 233-239 doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20250803701

LI Ruirui, WEN Peng, ZHANG Yong, CHEN Xuejun. Preparation and properties of novel antimicrobial fibers[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2026, 47(03): 233-239 doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20250803701

伴随社会经济持续发展,人们卫生健康意识显著提升,尤其是后疫情时代,消费者对抗菌功能产品的需求呈现持续增长态势。在此背景下,抗菌剂也实现快速发展,已广泛应用于塑料制品[1]、医疗器械[2]、纺织品[3-4]、农畜牧业[5]和日常消费品[6]等诸多领域,对降低感染风险和提升产品品质具有重要意义[7-8]。

目前,抗菌纺织品所使用的抗菌剂主要分为三大类:其一为无机抗菌剂,有金属型和光催化型等[9],该类抗菌剂能破坏细菌的细胞壁和酶系统,进而导致细菌死亡,对革兰阳性菌、阴性菌均具有抑制作用,且不易产生耐药性[10]。其二为有机抗菌剂,主要涵盖季铵盐类[11]、卤化物类[12]和二苯醚类[13]等。其中季铵盐类是纺织品领域应用最多的有机抗菌剂,其作用机制为通过与细菌或霉菌的细胞膜上阴离子结合,或与巯基发生反应,破坏蛋白质和细胞膜的合成系统,从而抑制细菌或霉菌的繁殖[11]。其三为天然抗菌剂,主要包括壳聚糖[14]、鱼精蛋白[15]和罗汉柏油[16]等,大都从动、植物中提炼精制。壳聚糖是目前应用最广泛的天然抗菌剂,其分子上的正电荷可与蛋白质中的负电荷结合,使细菌和真菌失去活性[17]。

目前,现有抗菌剂应用均存在一定局限性。例如:银基抗菌纺织品在光照条件下易发生变色,且其缓释型抗菌机制会造成银离子持续溶出,对人体存在潜在安全风险[18];有机类抗菌剂耐热性较差[19],且易诱导细菌产生耐药性[20];天然抗菌剂则存在有效作用时间短、抗菌效率低等问题,往往需要达到一定用量才能显现出较强抗菌效果,且价格昂贵[21],因此,开发新型抗菌纤维及相关纺织品已成为研究人员的关注焦点。已有研究表明,用生物基材料聚3-羟基丁酸戊酸酯(PHBV)和聚乳酸(PLA)混合熔融纺丝制备的纤维,兼具高效抗菌能力与高安全性,其抗菌活性主要来源于有一定聚合度的PHBV低聚物(OPHB抗菌剂),符合高效、安全的抗菌应用需求[22]。

尽管如此,实现OPHB抗菌剂与纺织材料的高效复合仍面临诸多技术挑战。当前纺织品领域的传统抗菌技术主要分为2大类:第1类是纤维改性技术(原纱抗菌),即在纺丝阶段将抗菌剂整合至纤维内部。该方法需精确控制抗菌剂在纤维中的分散均匀性,若分布不均则会影响抑菌效果的一致性;此外,抗菌剂的引入相当于在纤维体系中添加杂质,易导致纤维强度下降,出现断裂、起球或结块等问题,经多次洗涤后,纤维耐磨性显著降低[23];第2类是后整理法,即在面料织造完成后,通过浸渍、涂层或印花工艺将抗菌剂固着于织物表面,该方法普遍存在耐洗性不足或易引发环境风险等弊端[24]。由此可见,要推动OPHB抗菌剂在纺织品领域的应用,需要开发适配性更强的加工技术。

基于此,本文以OPHB为抗菌剂,结合超临界流体制备抗菌纤维,从抗菌性能、耐洗性、力学性能和溶出性等方面进行研究,旨在开发出性能优异的抗菌纺织品,助力纺织行业迈向抗菌技术发展的新阶段。

1 试验部分

1.1 主要材料

聚3-羟基丁酸戊酸酯(PHBV)粉末,宁波天安生物材料有限公司;PHBV低聚物(OPHB)抗菌剂,南京源健生物科技有限公司;粘胶纤维(1.33 dtex×38 mm)、莫代尔纤维(1.0 dtex×39 mm),赛得利(中国)纤维有限公司;精梳棉网129A,潍坊昌昊纺织有限公司;涤纶纤维(1.2 dtex×38 mm),桐昆集团股份有限公司;Luria-Bertani(LB)液体培养基、Luria-Bertani(LB)固体培养基,赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司;菌种选用革兰阳性菌中的金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC6538)、革兰阴性菌中的大肠埃希菌(ATCC25922)和真菌代表性菌株白念珠菌(ATCC10231),均来自广州微生物保藏中心。

1.2 主要设备

Quantum-l400 MHz核磁共振波谱仪,武汉中科牛津波谱技术有限公司;TENSOR II傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,天津市金贝尔科技有限公司;GI54DWS立式高压蒸汽灭菌锅,美国Zealway公司;DW-86L486超低温保存箱、SC-279立式冷藏柜,中国海尔集团公司;IS-RDV1立式双层制冷摇床,美国精骐CRYSTAL公司;SW-CJ-1F超净工作台,苏净集团安泰公司;PL2C02电子天平,梅特勒-托利多公司;LHR-150F生化培养箱,上海天呈公司;GQ105-LD高速管式离心机,辽阳隆达制药机械公司;YJSW-29L超临界设备,南通科鑫超临界设备有限公司。

1.3 试样制备

OPHB抗菌纤维及其织物制备。采用超临界流体技术(SCF),选用二氧化碳作为介质,在反应釜内按设定比例投入OPHB抗菌剂和各类纤维原料;关闭反应釜后,对釜体施加特定温度和压力。当体系达到预设温度和压力条件时,二氧化碳进入超临界状态,使纤维表面发生溶胀;借助超临界二氧化碳流体优异的扩散性和溶解性,OPHB抗菌剂被携载并扩散至纤维表层。维持反应一定时间后,对反应釜释压降温,纤维表面收缩,超临界二氧化碳则汽化回收,OPHB抗菌剂被牢固固着于纤维浅表层,最终制得OPHB抗菌纤维。基于超临界流体技术和OPHB抗菌剂的OPHB抗菌纤维制备工艺流程如图1所示。

图1

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图1   制备OPHB抗菌纤维的工艺流程

Fig.1   Preparation process flow of OPHB antimicrobial fibers


试验选取棉(JC),粘胶(R),莫代尔(MD)和涤纶(T)4种纤维为基材,以大肠埃希菌为目标菌株,探究不同OPHB添加量(0.1%,0.5%,1%,3%和5%)对纤维抗菌性能的影响;综合抗菌效果与性价比,确定OPHB在纤维中的最佳添加量。基于该最佳添加量,进一步制备不同基材的系列OPHB抗菌纤维:棉(AJC)、粘胶(AR)、莫代尔(AMD)和涤纶(AT)。

将制得的抗菌纤维依次经常规纺纱、织造和染色(染黑色)工序,即可制备出抗菌织物:平纹棉织物(AJCT,180 g/m2)、平纹粘胶织物(ART,160 g/m2)、织物莫代尔平纹(AMDT,180 g/m2)和平纹涤纶织物(ATT,135 g/m2)。

1.4 测试与表征

1.4.1 PHBV和OPHB分子结构表征

采用核磁共振波谱仪和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对PHBV和OPHB的化学结构和官能团进行表征。

1.4.2 OPHB最小抑菌浓度和安全性测试

最小抑菌浓度测试:参照卫生部2002年版《消毒技术规范》中2.1.8.3 最小抑菌浓度试验(琼脂稀释法)执行。

安全性测试:取0.5 mL OPHB,加入玉米油稀释混匀至质量分数为5%后进行测试。检测项目包括多次完整皮肤刺激试验、急性经口毒性试验、皮肤变态反应、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和体外细胞基因突变试验,对应的测试依据分别为2002年版《消毒技术规范》第二部分2.3.3、2.3.1、2.3.6、2.3.8.4,以及该规范的2.3.3中V79细胞基因突变试验方法。

1.4.3 纤维抗菌性及抗菌耐水洗性测试

参照GB/T 20944.3—2008 《纺织品 抗菌性能的评价 第3部分:振荡法》测试抗菌纤维及其织物对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白念珠菌的抗菌效果。

参照FZ/T 73023—2006《抗菌针织品》测试抗菌纤维及其织物的抗菌耐水洗性,对试样进行50次洗涤处理。

1.4.4 力学性能测试

参照GB/T 3923.1—2019《纺织品 织物拉伸性能 第1部分:断裂强力和断裂伸长率的测定(条样法)》测试试样的力学性能。

1.4.5 溶出性测试

参照FZ/T 73023—2006中附录E的方法测试抑菌圈宽度,测试前试样按照该标准附录C.4的简化洗涤程序完成1次洗涤处理。

2 结果与讨论

2.1 OPHB元素和官能团分析

图2示出OPHB和PHBV的红外光谱图及核磁氢谱图。OPHB红外光谱显示在3 600~3 200 cm-1区间出现明显的羟基特征吸收峰;同时,核磁氢谱显示,OPHB在化学位移为1.4和4.2处出现2组区别于PHBV的特征峰,归属于OPHB分子中甲基上的氢以及与羟基相邻碳原子上的氢。上述结果证实:OPHB是带有大量羟基基团的PHBV低聚物,表明OPHB抗菌剂确实来源于生物基材料PHBV,具备安全环保特性。

图2

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图2   PHBV和OPHB的化学组成分析

Fig.2   Chemical composition analysis of PHBV and OPHB. (a) Fourier transform infrared spectra; (b) Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectra


2.2 OPHB的最小抑菌浓度和安全性分析

OPHB抗菌剂对代表性菌株的最小抑菌浓度检测结果显示,其对大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度均为5 000 mg/L。安全性检测结果进一步验证了该抗菌剂应用优势:1)急性经口毒性试验结果显示,OPHB属于实际无毒级别;2)多次完整皮肤刺激试验表明,其对皮肤无刺激性;3)皮肤变态反应试验表明,未出现皮肤变态反应;4)小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验结果为阴性;5)体外细胞基因突变试验结果也为阴性。

2.3 OPHB抗菌纤维性能分析

2.3.1 抗菌剂OPHB最佳添加比例分析

图3示出抗菌纤维抗菌效果与OPHB添加量的关系。实验结果表明:1)通过超临界流体技术,OPHB可与4种纤维材料实现良好结合;2)低添加量范围内,随着OPHB添加量的增加,抗菌纤维的抗菌效果显著提升;3)当OPHB添加量达到0.5%时,4种抗菌纤维除抗菌涤纶外对大肠埃希菌的抗菌效果基本达到饱和;抗菌涤纶的抗菌效果虽略低,但也接近90%;4)当OPHB添加量增加至1%时,4种抗菌纤维的抑菌率都已接近100%。

图3

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图3   4种纤维添加不同添加量OPHB对大肠埃希菌的抑菌率

Fig.3   Antimicrobial rates of four types of fibers with different contents of OPHB against E. coli


已知OPHB的最小抑菌浓度为5 000 mg/L,而当其仅以0.5%的含量添加到纤维中时,即可实现高效抗菌。这是因为通过超临界流体技术,OPHB被固着于纤维浅表层,其抗菌机制为接触杀菌而非释放抗菌成分,使得纤维表面的OPHB有效浓度远高于溶液体系中测得的最小抑菌浓度值。当继续增加OPHB含量时,抗菌效果不再显著提升。推测其原因为:1)通过超临界流体技术,结合到纤维上的OPHB,在添加量为0.5%时已接近纤维的最大负载量,在纤维表面达到了饱和覆盖[25];2)OPHB需与微生物细胞膜或特定作用靶点结合才能发挥抗菌作用。当添加量达到一定程度后,微生物这些结合位点均能被完全结合,增加OPHB添加量无法产生额外抗菌效果[26];3)高浓度OPHB可诱导细菌启动应激防御机制,如增强外排泵活性、改变细胞膜通透性或形成生物膜等,从而抵消额外抗菌剂的作用[27]。综上,选取OPHB在纤维中的最佳添加量为0.5%,既能保证优异的抗菌效果,又能控制生产成本。

2.3.2 抗菌性和抗菌耐水洗性分析

在确定OPHB的最佳添加量后,本文进一步探究OPHB抗菌纤维的抗菌性能和耐水洗性,测试结果如表1所示。由表可知,抗菌棉、抗菌粘胶、抗菌莫代尔和抗菌涤纶在清洗前对3种受试菌株均表现出优异抗菌活性,部分实验组的抑菌率接近100%,这一结果进一步验证了OPHB的高效抗菌特性,同时也验证了所选添加量的合理性。

表1   OPHB抗菌纤维的抗菌性和耐水洗抗菌性

Tab.1  Antimicrobial property and antimicrobial washing resistance of OPHB antimicrobial fiber

样品
编号		对大肠埃希菌
抑菌率/%		对金黄色葡萄球菌
抑菌率/%		对白念珠菌
抑菌率/%
水洗前水洗后水洗前水洗后水洗前水洗后
AJC999198959589
999397969388
999299949490
AR959094929992
939396929393
979297939490
AMD969396959792
949098939292
979294929189
AT989498939388
969496929189
979598959392

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耐水洗性能不足是制约抗菌纺织品长期应用的技术瓶颈,即在多次标准洗涤条件下,纺织品的抗菌效果往往难以维持[24]。本文实验结果表明,4种抗菌纤维经过50次洗涤后,对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白念珠菌的抗菌效果均没有明显衰减。这表明借助超临界流体技术,负载OPHB的抗菌纤维具有优异的耐水洗性能和广阔的实际应用潜力。

2.3.3 力学性能分析

表2示出经过超临界流体技术负载OPHB的4种纤维加工前后的断裂强度和断裂伸长率。由表可知,抗菌处理前后4种纤维的力学性能指标基本保持不变。这一结果主要归因于以下3个方面:1)超临界流体技术可将OPHB固着于纤维浅表层,而不会渗入纤维内部结构;2)与采用传统母粒添加法向纤维内部引入纳米颗粒,进而改变纤维结构的方式不同,超临界流体技术不破坏纤维本体结构;3)超临界流体技术处理条件温和,不会对纤维结构造成损伤,因此,通过该技术制备的OPHB抗菌纤维,在后续纺纱、织造和染色等加工工序中,不易出现传统抗菌纤维常见的技术缺陷。

表2   OPHB抗菌纤维加工前后性能对比

Tab.2  Comparison of properties of OPHB antimicrobial fiber before and after processing

样品
编号		线密度/dtex断裂强度/(cN·dtex-1)断裂伸长率/%
加工前加工后加工前加工后加工前加工后
AJC1.64±0.021.63±0.013.24±0.053.28±0.035.77±0.255.83±0.12
AR1.34±0.021.32±0.012.86±0.022.86±0.0218.47±0.1518.63±0.23
AMD1.15±0.011.12±0.014.04±0.094.10±0.0213.57±0.0413.43±0.21
AT1.94±0.021.94±0.014.87±0.014.92±0.0333.20±0.3633.57±0.15

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2.4 溶出性分析

按照FZ/T 73023—2006规定:抗菌织物洗涤1次后,若抑菌圈直径D>1 mm,判定为溶出型抗菌织物;若抑菌圈直径D<1 mm,则判定为非溶出型抗菌织物。表3示出4种抗菌纤维对3种受试菌株的抑菌圈直径测试数据。结果显示,除AJC实验组对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径为1 mm,其它所有实验组的抑菌圈直径均为0 mm。这表明采用超临界流体技术负载OPHB的纤维及其织物,可判定为非溶出型产品。与溶出型抗菌产品相比,非溶出型抗菌产品的抗菌成分不会随使用过程缓释逸出,从而避免了抗菌成分渗入人体皮肤深层或人体内部的潜在风险。由此可见,使用超临界流体技术复合OPHB制备的抗菌纤维及其织物具有更高的应用安全性。

表3   OPHB抗菌纤维溶出性测试结果

Tab.3  Leachability test results of OPHB antimicrobial fiber

样品
编号		抑菌圈直径D/mm
对大肠埃希菌对金黄色葡萄球菌对白念珠菌
AJC010
AR000
AMD000
AT000

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2.5 抗菌纺织品抗菌性及耐水洗性分析

综合上述研究结果可知,OPHB抗菌纤维具有优异的综合性能。但织物制造流程涵盖多道加工工序,尤其是染色环节,需在特定条件下添加化学染料,这一过程可能造成抗菌活性成分OPHB的流失。表4示出4种OPHB抗菌织物在水洗前后对3种代表性菌株的抗菌效果。实验结果表明,所有织物均表现出优异的抗菌活性。这说明采用常规织物生产工艺不会对经超临界流体技术处理的OPHB抗菌纤维的抗菌性能产生不良影响。

表4   OPHB抗菌织物抗菌性和耐水洗抗菌性

Tab.4  Antimicrobial property and antimicrobial washing resistance of OPHB antimicrobial fabrics

样品
编号		对大肠埃希菌
抑菌率/%		对金黄色葡萄
球菌抑菌率/%		对白念珠菌
抑菌率/%
水洗前水洗后水洗前水洗后水洗前水洗后
AJCT959195949490
949296949491
949298959588
ART949296939890
949196919793
939097939690
AMDT939394949888
929097929788
949398959289
ATT959497939486
969697919189
969198909188

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3 结论

本文通过超临界流体技术将聚3-羟基丁酸戊酸酯(PHBV)低聚物(OPHB)抗菌剂负载到棉、粘胶、莫代尔、涤纶4种纤维上,成功制备了新型抗菌纤维。对OPHB进行结构表征并对抗菌纤维及其织物进行综合性能测试,结果表明:1)OPHB作为源于PHBV的低聚物,兼具安全性与高效抗菌活性,在低浓度下即可发挥优异抗菌作用;2)超临界流体技术负载OPHB适用于多种纤维基材的抗菌处理,所制备的抗菌纤维不仅耐水洗性优良,可实现长效抗菌,且纤维力学性能与抗菌处理前基本保持一致;3)OPHB抗菌纤维属于非溶出型抗菌材料,对人体皮肤的潜在风险低,适用于贴身衣物等面料开发;4)经纺纱、织造和染色等加工工序后,由OPHB抗菌纤维制得的织物仍能保持优异的抗菌性能与耐水洗性。

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[J]. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2011, 24(1): 71-109.

DOI:10.1128/CMR.00030-10      PMID:21233508      [本文引用: 1]

The discovery of novel small-molecule antibacterial drugs has been stalled for many years. The purpose of this review is to underscore and illustrate those scientific problems unique to the discovery and optimization of novel antibacterial agents that have adversely affected the output of the effort. The major challenges fall into two areas: (i) proper target selection, particularly the necessity of pursuing molecular targets that are not prone to rapid resistance development, and (ii) improvement of chemical libraries to overcome limitations of diversity, especially that which is necessary to overcome barriers to bacterial entry and proclivity to be effluxed, especially in Gram-negative organisms. Failure to address these problems has led to a great deal of misdirected effort.

GUPTA A, MUMTAZ S, LI C H, et al.

Combatting antibiotic-resistant bacteria using nanomaterials

[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2019, 48(2): 415-427.

DOI:10.1039/c7cs00748e      PMID:30462112      [本文引用: 1]

The dramatic increase in antimicrobial resistance for pathogenic bacteria constitutes a key threat to human health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recently stated that the world is on the verge of entering the "post-antibiotic era", one where more people will die from bacterial infections than from cancer. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as new tools that can be used to combat deadly bacterial infections. Nanoparticle-based strategies can overcome the barriers faced by traditional antimicrobials, including antibiotic resistance. In this tutorial review, we have highlighted multiple nanoparticle-based approaches to eliminate bacterial infections, providing crucial insight into the design of elements that play critical roles in creating antimicrobial nanotherapeutics. In particular, we have focused on the pivotal role played by NP-surface functionality in designing nanomaterials as self-therapeutic agents and delivery vehicles for antimicrobial cargo.

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