纺织学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (10): 209-215.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20210305007

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

高效低阻空气过滤材料研究进展

杨吉震1,2,3, 刘强飞1,2,3, 何瑞东1,2,3, 吴韶华1, 何宏伟1,2,3, 宁新1,2,3, 周蓉1,2,3(), 董湘琳4, 齐贵山4   

  1. 1.青岛大学 纺织服装学院, 山东 青岛 266071
    2.青岛大学 非织造材料与产业用纺织品创新研究院,山东 青岛 266071
    3.山东省特型非织造材料工程研究中心, 山东 青岛 266071
    4.山东省兴国新力环保科技股份有限公司, 山东 淄博 255000
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-12 修回日期:2021-11-29 出版日期:2022-10-15 发布日期:2022-10-28
  • 通讯作者: 周蓉
  • 作者简介:杨吉震(1997—),男,硕士生。主要研究方向为纤维过滤材料。

Research progress in high efficiency and low resistance air filter materials

YANG Jizhen1,2,3, LIU Qiangfei1,2,3, HE Ruidong1,2,3, WU Shaohua1, HE Hongwei1,2,3, NING Xin1,2,3, ZHOU Rong1,2,3(), DONG Xianglin4, QI Guishan4   

  1. 1. College of Textile & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
    2. Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
    3. Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
    4. Shandong Xingguo Xinli Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
  • Received:2021-03-12 Revised:2021-11-29 Published:2022-10-15 Online:2022-10-28
  • Contact: ZHOU Rong

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摘要：

目前,空气过滤材料多存在过滤效率与过滤阻力不平衡的问题。为进一步提高其品质因子,以近年来国内外纳米纤维膜、熔喷过滤材料以及耐高温针刺过滤材料的相关研究为基础,阐述了驻极体过滤材料、微纳结构过滤材料以及梯度结构化和后整理方法提高空气过滤材料过滤效率的研究进展;分析和讨论了驻极体材料电荷储存能力的影响因素以及不同空气过滤材料的驻极类型;系统总结了微纳结构材料的制备方法,比较了梯度结构化和后整理等方式提高材料过滤效率的优缺点。认为空气过滤材料的驻极化与微纳结构化将会是研究热点,在今后的空气净化领域应用中具有极大的发展空间。

关键词: 静电纺丝, 熔喷材料, 空气过滤, 驻极体, 微纳结构, 高效低阻

Abstract:

In order to develop high efficiency and low resistance air filtration materials, solve the imbalance between filtration efficiency and filtration resistance in the current research, and further improve the quality factor for filtration materials, this paper reviews the relevant research on nanofiber membrane, melt-blown filtration materials and high-temperature resistant needle filter mat in recent years.The research status of electret filtration materials, micro-nano structure filtration materials, gradient structuring and finishing methods to improve the filtration efficiency of materials are reviewed.The influencing factors of charge storage capacity of materials are analyzed and discussed. The preparation methods of micro-nano structure materials are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of gradient structuring and finishing methods for improving filtration efficiency were compared. It is concluded that the electret and micro-nano structured filtration materials will draw great attention from researchers because of their great potentials in the future field of air purification.

Key words: electrospinning, meltblown material, air filtration, electret, micro-nano structure, high efficiency and low resistance

中图分类号: 

  • TS174

表1

不同驻极方式的对比"

驻极方式 优点 缺点
静电驻极 电荷储存能力强 仅适用于静电纺丝工艺,受材料影响较大
电晕驻极 工艺成熟,适用范围广泛,更适合面密度较大的材料,电荷主要储存在材料表面 电荷逸散较快,驻极体不稳定,过滤性能难以达到峰值
摩擦驻极 驻极效果好,电荷分布在材料内部 仅适用于带有不同电性的纤维
水驻极 不需使用高压电,驻极体稳定,保存时间长 工艺不成熟,具体应用难度大

表2

不同提升过滤效率方式的优缺点"

处理方式 过滤效率 过滤阻力 容尘量 成本
浸渍 一般 一般 一般 一般
涂层 中 一般 一般 一般
覆膜 高 初始高,后期趋于平稳 低 高
梯度结构设计 较高 低 高 高
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