纺织学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (05): 220-227.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220403902

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

液体分散染料研发技术现状及其应用前景

艾丽1,2, 朱亚伟3()   

  1. 1.武汉纺织大学 化学与化工学院, 湖北 武汉 430200
    2.武汉纺织大学 湖北省生物质纤维与生态染整重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430200
    3.苏州大学 现代丝绸国家工程实验室, 江苏 苏州 215123
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-12 修回日期:2023-02-15 出版日期:2023-05-15 发布日期:2023-06-09
  • 通讯作者: 朱亚伟(1963—), 男, 教授, 博士。主要研究方向为纺织化学的微量聚合系统研究及产业化。E-mail:yaweizhu@suda.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:艾丽(1985—), 女, 讲师, 博士。主要研究方向为节能减排印染新技术及精细功能化学品。

Technology progress and application prospects of liquid disperse dyes

AI Li1,2, ZHU Yawei3()   

  1. 1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
    2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
    3. National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
  • Received:2022-04-12 Revised:2023-02-15 Published:2023-05-15 Online:2023-06-09

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摘要：

针对液体分散染料明显区别于粉状分散染料的应用性能和生态环保性,简述了液体分散染料发展历程和染料研磨技术要点,从染料应用性能方面评述了液体分散染料的质量控制因素及分析了已建立的液体分散染料稳定性快速评价指标的合理性,阐述了液体分散染料替代粉状分散染料的应用进展及连续热熔染色的新用途和需要解决的新问题。指出:液体分散染料应建立区别于粉状分散染料的稳定性和应用性能相协调的评价指标及质量标准;染色中选择较小的轧槽容积和均匀轧车以及增加轧前的喷淋装置都有利于染料对织物的渗透和织物着色均匀性;同时,研究集染色和功能性于一浴的功能液体分散染料,将是一种可从源头满足印染行业的重大节能减排技术需求。

关键词: 液体分散染料, 热熔染色, 分散剂, 液体染料稳定性, 生态染色, 节能减排

Abstract:

Significance Disperse dyes are special dyes for polyester fiber dyeing, commercially available mainly in powder and liquid forms. Powdered disperse dyes are widely used because of their excellent storage and application stability, while liquid disperse dyes are restricted by their stability. In recent years, with the great demand for energy conservation and emission reduction in printing and dyeing, liquid disperse dyes have attracted much attention, because of the advantages over the powdered disperse dyes in higher utilization rate of dye, low discharge of wastewater and waste residue and low energy consumption. Although the stability of liquid disperse dyes restricts its development to a certain extent, with the progress of the preparation technology of liquid disperse dyes, the stability has been effectively improved, and has been gradually replacing the traditional powdered disperse dyes.

Progress The lapping technology of liquid disperse dyes were briefly introduced. Selecting suitable anionic/non-ionic surfactants and anti-sedimentation agents was recognized as the key factor to prepare liquid disperse dyes with excellent stability and application performance. The main processing parameters affecting the properties of liquid disperse dyes were analyzed, and the influence of rheological property and ambient temperature on the stability of liquid disperse dyes were clarified. As the second attempt, the principle of high temperature dispersion, low temperature dispersion and double electric layer diffusion of liquid disperse dyes were analyzed. It was indicated that the viscosity increasing temperature (T0 value) and the absorbance change rate of water dilution (A10) could be used as indexes to evaluate rapidly the stability of liquid dyes. Then, the energy conservation and environmental friendliness and advantages of liquid disperse dyes in high temperature and high pressure dyeing, round mesh and screen printing are analyzed, and the new applications in continuous hot melt dyeing are analyzed, and the prospect of dyeing and finishing in the same bath processing was pointed out.

Conclusion and Prospect Although the preparation process of liquid disperse dyes is similar to that of powdered disperse dyes, liquid disperse dyes use less water and a small amount of additives (anionic/non-ionic mixture) as fillers. The difference in the performance of the two types of disperse dyes leads to the realization of low water consumption and near-zero emission printing and dyeing technology of liquid disperse dye, which could form a major energy conservation and emission reduction technology to meet the needs of printing and dyeing industry from the source. Liquid disperse dyes have been widely used, but their potential advantages have not been fully utilized. Therefore, the establishment of liquid disperse dye commodity standards, control of dye standardized quality, research and development of new bath dyeing and functional finishing technology are imperative to meet our 'carbon emissions and carbon neutrality' source pollution control printing and dyeing technology needs.

Key words: liquid disperse dye, hot melt dyeing, dispersant, liquid dye stability, eco-dyeing, energy conservation and emission reduction

中图分类号: 

  • TS194.43

图1

液体染料的相互作用"

图2

液体分散染料的流变类型 注:C1为起始黏度系数;C2为流体类型系数;C3为黏度变化系数;C4为剪切速率指数。"

图3

温度对液体分散染料黏度的影响"

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