聚酰胺6/共聚酰胺偏心皮芯复合纤维的制备与性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20240908501

纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (07): 53-61.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240908501

聚酰胺6/共聚酰胺偏心皮芯复合纤维的制备与性能

廖梦蝶¹, 肖汪洋¹, 李鸿鑫¹, 赵漫¹, 张须臻¹, 王秀华¹^,²()

¹ 浙江理工大学纺织纤维材料与加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室, 浙江杭州 310018
² 现代纺织技术创新中心(鉴湖实验室), 浙江绍兴 312030

收稿日期:2024-09-30 修回日期:2025-03-28 出版日期:2025-07-15 发布日期:2025-08-14
通讯作者: 王秀华(1964—),女,正高级工程师。主要研究方向为改性聚酯合成与差别化纤维加工。E-mail:wxiuhua@126.com。
作者简介:廖梦蝶(1999—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为聚酰胺复合纤维的制备与性能。
基金资助:
浙江省现代纺织技术创新中心定向项目(CXZX2022010HD)

Preparation and properties of polyamide 6/copolyamide eccentric sheath-core composite fibers

LIAO Mengdie¹, XIAO Wangyang¹, LI Hongxin¹, ZHAO Man¹, ZHANG Xuzhen¹, WANG Xiuhua¹^,²()

¹ National Engineering Laboratory for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
² Modern Textile Technology Innovation Center (Jianhu Laboratory), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312030, China

Received:2024-09-30 Revised:2025-03-28 Published:2025-07-15 Online:2025-08-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究牵伸倍数对聚酰胺6(PA6)/共聚酰胺(COPA)偏心皮芯复合纤维性能的影响,以PA6和COPA为原料,制得了PA6/COPA偏心皮芯复合预取向丝(POY),再通过实验室小型牵伸设备对初生纤维进行牵伸和热定形。借助差示扫描量热法、声速取向测定仪、广角二维X射线衍射仪、电子单纱强力机对纤维的结晶性能、取向性能、力学性能、收缩性能和卷曲性能进行测试与分析。结果表明:当热定形温度为160 ℃ 时,随着牵伸倍数的增加,PA6/COPA偏心皮芯复合纤维的结晶度、取向度均呈增长趋势,断裂强度由3.67 cN/dtex增加至4.63 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率由56.44% 降低至38.46%;当热处理温度一定时,随着牵伸倍数的增加,PA6/COPA偏心皮芯复合纤维的干热收缩率和湿热收缩率均呈增长趋势;当牵伸倍数一定时,随着热处理温度的升高,复合纤维的干热收缩率和湿热收缩率也均呈增长趋势;当湿热处理温度为120 ℃ 时,复合纤维表现出优异的卷曲形貌,当牵伸倍数从1.10增加至1.30时,复合纤维的卷曲数从 14个/(25 mm)增加至 21个/(25 mm)、卷曲率从 11.3% 增长至 13.81%、卷曲弹性率从 83.2% 增长至 88.52%。

关键词: 聚酰胺6, 共聚酰胺, 偏心皮芯复合, 牵伸, 结晶, 取向, 收缩性能

Abstract:

Objective In order to expand the application field of polyamide fiber, polyamide 6/copolyamide eccentric sheath-core composite fiber composed of polyamide 6 (PA6) and copolyamide (COPA) was developed. This composite fiber combines the excellent mechanical properties, dyeing performance and wear resistance of polyamide fiber with the excellent crimp elasticity and soft handfeeling of the composite fiber. The influence of the drafting and heat-setting processes on the properties of the composite fibers was investigated, aiming to provide valuable insights for the development and application of polyamide-based composite fibers.

Method The PA6/COPA eccentric sheath-core composite pre-oriented yarn (POY) was successfully produced using melt spin-ning technology, employing PA6 and COPA as raw materials through a customized spinneret. Subsequently, the as-spun fiber was drafted and heat-set using specialized drafting equipment in the laboratory. The crystallization, orientation, mechanical, shrinkage, and crimp characteristics of the composite fibers, subjected to various draft multiples, were tested and analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry, a two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray diffractometer, a sound velocity orientation instrument, and an electronic single yarn strength tester.

Results The influence of draft ratio on the structure and properties of PA6/COPA eccentric sheath-core composite fibers was investigated by varying the draft ratio. The results indicated that when the heat setting temperature was 160 ℃, the crystallinity and orientation degree of the PA6/COPA eccentric sheath-core composite fibers increased with the increase of draft ratio from 1.10 to 1.30. The breaking strength increased from 3.67 cN/dtex to 4.63 cN/dtex, while the elongation at break decreased from 56.44% to 38.46%. When the heat treatment temperature is constant, the dry heat shrinkage and wet heat shrinkage of the composite fibers increased with the increase of the draft ratio. When the drafting ratio was constant, the dry heat shrinkage and wet heat shrinkage of the composite fibers increased with the heat treatment temperature. After heat treatment at 120 ℃, the composite fibers exhibited excellent crimp morphology. When the draft ratio was increased from 1.10 to 1.30, the crimp number of the composite fibers was risen from 14 curls/(25 mm) to 21 curls/(25 mm), the crimp rate was increased from 11.36% to 13.81%, and the crimp elasticity was improved from 83.32% to 88.52%.

Conclusion With the increase in draft ratio, the mechanical strength and crimp shrinkage of PA6/COPA eccentric sheath-core composite fibers are improved significantly. When the heat treatment temperature is 100 ℃, the shrinkage difference between the two components of the composite fiber is small, preventing the formation of self-crimping. As the temperature increases from 100 ℃ to 120 ℃, the composite fiber develops a complete and distinct crimp morphology. Thus, increasing the heat treatment temperature facilitates the crimp formation in composite fibers. The study provides a reference for expanding the application of polyamide in self-crimping composite fibers.

Key words: polyamide 6, copolyamide, eccentric skin-core composite, drafting, crystallization, orientation, shrinkage performance

中图分类号:

TS102.6

廖梦蝶, 肖汪洋, 李鸿鑫, 赵漫, 张须臻, 王秀华. 聚酰胺6/共聚酰胺偏心皮芯复合纤维的制备与性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(07): 53-61.

LIAO Mengdie, XIAO Wangyang, LI Hongxin, ZHAO Man, ZHANG Xuzhen, WANG Xiuhua. Preparation and properties of polyamide 6/copolyamide eccentric sheath-core composite fibers[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(07): 53-61.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20240908501

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I07/53

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材料	干燥温度/℃	干燥时间/h	螺杆温度/℃	POY线密度	断裂强度/(cN·dtex^-1)	断裂伸长率/%
PA6	100	16	240/253/253/253	32 dtex(24 f)	3.1	73.26
COPA	90	24	260/282/282/280	32 dtex(24 f)	3.1	73.26

牵伸倍数	COPA		PA6
牵伸倍数	熔融焓/ (J·g^-1)	结晶度/%	熔融焓/ (J·g^-1)	结晶度/%
1.00	22.93	21.95	21.89	25.60
1.10	24.06	23.03	22.95	26.84
1.15	25.18	24.09	23.86	27.91
1.20	26.23	25.11	24.44	28.58
1.25	27.40	26.22	25.60	29.93
1.30	28.49	27.27	27.41	32.07

牵伸倍数	线密度/ dtex	断裂强度/ (cN·dtex^-1)	断裂伸长率/%
1.00	32.02	3.02	74.43
1.10	28.12	3.67	56.44
1.15	26.81	3.81	49.18
1.20	26.13	3.94	45.13
1.25	25.31	4.06	40.11
1.30	24.12	4.63	38.46

牵伸倍数	卷曲数/ (个·(25 mm)^-1)	卷曲率/%	卷曲弹性率/%
1.00	9	8.52	73.33
1.10	14	11.36	83.32
1.15	17	11.85	85.30
1.20	18	12.17	86.57
1.25	20	13.31	87.81
1.30	21	13.81	88.52

聚酰胺6/共聚酰胺偏心皮芯复合纤维的制备与性能

Preparation and properties of polyamide 6/copolyamide eccentric sheath-core composite fibers

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