熔融静电纺丝泰勒锥成形及纤维可纺性

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20250707901

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对熔融静电纺丝过程中不同聚合物熔体在电场泰勒锥成形效果及纤维可纺性存在差异的问题,以聚丙烯(PP)、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、消光聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET-TiO₂)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)为原料,采用熔融静电纺丝技术,研究不同分子结构聚合物泰勒锥的成形原理,分析不同电压和挤出量对熔体泰勒锥的间距、宽度及数量的影响。结果表明:聚合物分子链极性越强、刚性位阻越小,泰勒锥成形效果越好,依次为:PLA>PP>PBT>PET-TiO₂>PET;聚合物熔融指数增大,熔体流动性增加,泰勒锥数量增多,间距和宽度减小;PET-TiO₂中的二氧化钛(TiO₂)提高了熔体诱导极化能力,泰勒锥数量增加,成形效果及可纺性均有所提高;当聚乳酸(PLA-3251D)挤出量为0.2 mL/min、电压为40 kV时,熔体在周长为7.5 cm的喷头上形成泰勒锥数量高达50根,间距和宽度最小分别为1 mm和0.2 mm,具有良好的泰勒锥成形能力,熔融静电纺丝过程中熔体泰勒锥的成形展现了不同结构聚合物在微纳米纤维制备中的应用潜力。

关键词: 化学纤维, 熔融静电纺丝, 泰勒锥, 可纺性, 微纳米纤维

Abstract:

Objective In order to investigate Taylor cone formation and fiber spinnability of different polymer melts in an electric field during the melt electrospinning process, polypropylene (PP), polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), matte polyethylene terephthalate (PET-TiO₂), and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) were adopted to form Taylor cones in melt-electrospinning. The principles and conditions for forming Taylor cones with different molecular structures of polymers were revealed by analyzing the spacing, width, and quantity of Taylor cones formed by melt. This work is expected to expand the types of melt electrospun micro/nano fibers.

Method Taylor cones were formed using a melt electrospinning setup consisting of material drying, melt extrusion, and high voltage power. Under different voltages and extrusion rates, Taylor cone images were recorded and analyzed. The spacing, width, and quantity of cone jets were compared among polymers with different chain structures. Additionally, the influence of melt index on PP and PLA was evaluated, and the influence of TiO₂ addition on PET melt polarization was assessed.

Results During the formation of a Taylor cone, it was found that stronger polarity of polymer molecular chains and lower steric hindrance to rigidity would lead to better Taylor cone formation. The ranking was identified as PLA>PP>PBT>PET-TiO₂> PET. In particular, polylactic acid (PLA-3251D) achieved optimal results under the conditions of 40 kV and an extrusion rate of 0.2 mL/min, and produced 50 Taylor cones with minimized spacing (1 mm) and width (0.2 mm). Compared the quantity, spacing, and width of Taylor cones in PP and PLA with different melt indexes, it was revealed that higher melt index polymers generated more Taylor cones in electric fields while reducing cone spacing and width due to enhanced melt fluidity. In contrast, the rigid molecular chains of PET restricted the flowability of chain segments, resulting in poorer Taylor cone formation where only 11 cones were formed under the conditions of 50 kV and an extension rate of 0.3 mL/min, with optimized spacing and width of 6 mm and 1 mm, respectively. Incorporation of TiO₂ into PET improved melt polarization, and increased the cone count to 20 (50 kV, 0.3 mL/min), resulting in improved forming effect of Taylor cone jet. The flexibility of PBT molecular chains was increased compared to PET, forming 36 cones (50 kV, 0.1 mL/min) at 1.8 mm spacing and 0.4 mm width, demonstrating superior jet formation.

Conclusion Melt electrospinning is a green and effective technology for preparing micro/nano fibers. The formation of Taylor cone plays a critical role in melt electrospinning. The results show that polymer melts (regardless of polarity) undergo induced polarization under strong electric fields, with electric force inducing molecular orientation to form Taylor cones. As voltage increases, cone spacing and width decrease while cone number rises. The high polarity groups are found to enhance polarization capacity, and great molecular flexibility would strengthen polarization responsiveness. Conversely, rigid segments (benzene rings) elevate steric hindrance, impeding chain mobility, while low-entanglement-density chains exhibit superior electric-field-induced orientation. The increase of polymer melt index shows improved fluidity, increased cone number and reduced spacing/width under electric field. The future work could further investigate the scalability of this approach for real-world applications.

Key words: chemical fiber, melt electrospinning, Taylor cone, spinnability, micro/nano fiber

中图分类号:

TS102.5

王晓辉, 王宇航, 徐锦龙, 刘金星, 陈哲, 谭晶, 梅锋, 王华平. 熔融静电纺丝泰勒锥成形及纤维可纺性[J]. 纺织学报, 2026, 47(05): 28-36.

WANG Xiaohui, WANG Yuhang, XU Jinlong, LIU Jinxing, CHEN Zhe, TAN Jing, MEI Feng, WANG Huaping. Taylor cone formation in melt electrospinning and fiber spinnability[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2026, 47(05): 28-36.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20250707901

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V47/I05/28

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试样名称	纺丝温度/℃	熔融指数/(g·(10 min)^-1)
PP-T30S	295	17.9
PP-S2040	295	109.0
PLA-L130	220	83.6
PLA-3251D	220	179.5
PET	295	312.6
PET-TiO₂	295	297.6
PBT	295	105.3