阻抗阶跃渐变层结构纤维素/Ti3C2Tx气凝胶材料的制备及其吸波性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20240304301

纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (03): 17-26.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240304301

阻抗阶跃渐变层结构纤维素/Ti₃C₂T_x气凝胶材料的制备及其吸波性能

李一¹, 张恒宇¹, 郭雯卓¹, 陈剑英¹, 王妮¹, 肖红²()

1.东华大学纺织学院, 上海 201620
2.军事科学院系统工程研究院, 北京 100010

收稿日期:2024-03-18 修回日期:2024-07-01 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2025-04-16
通讯作者: 肖红(1976—),女,高级工程师,博士。主要研究方向为电磁功能纺织材料、功能性纤维与织物、迷彩伪装及隐身纺织材料。E-mail:76echo@vip.sina.com。
作者简介:李一(2000—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为电磁屏蔽与吸波材料。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52173191)

Preparation of cellulose/Ti₃C₂T_x aerogel absorbing materials with impedance step gradient layer structure and their absorption properties

LI Yi¹, ZHANG Hengyu¹, GUO Wenzhuo¹, CHEN Jianying¹, WANG Ni¹, XIAO Hong²()

1. College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
2. Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100010, China

Received:2024-03-18 Revised:2024-07-01 Published:2025-03-15 Online:2025-04-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为拓宽吸波频段,获得高效吸波材料,以纤维素纳米纤维(CNF)为骨架、二维过渡金属碳化物(Ti₃C₂T_x)为导电填料,制备了三维多孔气凝胶吸波材料。通过扫描电镜及透射电镜、红外光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱及衍射仪、矢量网络分析仪表征了其结构与各项性能。结果表明:基于气凝胶的多孔结构及Ti₃C₂T_x的导电损耗,使得CNF/Ti₃C₂T_x复合气凝胶具有吸波效能,改变Ti₃C₂T_x含量及气凝胶厚度可调节吸波带宽和峰值。根据三维电磁仿真软件CST STUDIO SUITE仿真模拟结果,制备Ti₃C₂T_x质量分数依次为1%、25%、50%的CNF/Ti₃C₂T_x复合气凝胶,在电磁波入射方向按照特征阻抗从大到小叠层构建阻抗阶跃渐变的多层复合结构吸波材料,该材料具有更好的阻抗匹配和衰减损耗性能,反射损耗最小可达-15.9 dB,有效吸收带宽覆盖整个X波段。

关键词: 吸波材料, 二维过渡金属碳/氮化物, 纤维素气凝胶, 层结构, 阻抗阶跃渐变, 吸波性能

Abstract:

Objective In order to broaden the absorption frequency band, obtain high-efficiency absorbing materials, and solve the problems of high energy consumption and serious environmental pollution in the preparation of polymer aerogel materials. Three-dimensional porous aerogel absorbers were prepared using cellulose nanofibers (CNF) as the framework and two-dimensional transition metal carbides (Ti₃C₂T_x) as conductive fillers.

Method Freeze-drying was adopted to construct CNF/Ti₃C₂T_x composite aerogel materials with different electromagnetic properties, and further the electromagnetic combination of multilayer CNF/Ti₃C₂T_x composite aerogel materials with impedance step gradient structure was explored by CST STUDIO SUITE simulation, and multilayer CNF/Ti₃C₂T_x composite aerogel materials with broadband absorption effect prepared.

Results The results showed that based on the porous structure of aerogel and the conductive loss of Ti₃C₂T_x, CNF/Ti₃C₂T_x composite aerogel material possessed electromagnetic wave absorption properties, and the absorption bandwidth and peak value can be adjusted by changing the content and thickness of Ti₃C₂T_x. The CNF/Ti₃C₂T_x composite aerogel materials with Ti₃C₂T_x mass fractions of 1%, 25% and 50% were prepared, and the impedance step gradient layered composite absorbers were constructed according to the characteristic impedance stacks from large to small, which had better impedance matching and attenuation loss performance. The reflection loss was as low as -15.9 dB, which is lower than that of the single-layer aerogel material of the same thickness with Ti₃C₂T_x mass fractions of 1%(0 dB), 25%(-2.0 dB) and 50%(-10.9 dB), and the effective absorption bandwidth covers the entire X-band.

Conclusion Through the stacking method, the multilayer aerogel material constructing the impedance gradient step gradient structure can effectively balance the impedance matching and attenuation loss in the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation from high to low, and its reflection loss value is lower than that of the single-layer aerogel material of the same thickness, and good absorption is achieved. The impedance gradient structure can extend the propagation path of electromagnetic waves, enhance the absorption loss, and broaden the absorption bandwidth.

Key words: absorbing material, MXene, cellulose aerogel, layer structure, impedance step gradient, absorbing property

中图分类号:

G316

李一, 张恒宇, 郭雯卓, 陈剑英, 王妮, 肖红. 阻抗阶跃渐变层结构纤维素/Ti₃C₂T_x气凝胶材料的制备及其吸波性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(03): 17-26.

LI Yi, ZHANG Hengyu, GUO Wenzhuo, CHEN Jianying, WANG Ni, XIAO Hong. Preparation of cellulose/Ti₃C₂T_x aerogel absorbing materials with impedance step gradient layer structure and their absorption properties[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(03): 17-26.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20240304301

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I03/17

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阻抗阶跃渐变层结构纤维素/Ti₃C₂T_x气凝胶材料的制备及其吸波性能

Preparation of cellulose/Ti₃C₂T_x aerogel absorbing materials with impedance step gradient layer structure and their absorption properties

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