面向服装面料的非接触式气动吸盘设计

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20250904901

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

面料自动抓取与转移是服装生产智能化的核心环节。针对现有抓取技术存在易致面料损伤、适配性不足或电荷滞留与粉尘附着,难以实现对柔性面料的无损、稳定抓取等缺点,基于伯努利原理设计了非接触式气动吸盘。首先分析其工作原理并完成结构设计;然后,采用 Fluent 流体仿真软件,探究吸盘内部流场特性,进一步阐明吸附式抓取原理;随后,搭建吸附力测量平台,通过吸附力测量实验研究部分参数对吸附力的影响规律;最后,进行不同类型服装面料的吸附抓取实验验证。结果表明:非接触式气动吸盘在圆盘间隙距离为0.4 mm左右、孔径间隙高度为1.5 mm左右、底面曲度为5°左右时,产生的吸附力达到最大;供气压力与吸附力呈正相关,增大供气压力可有效提升吸附力。非接触式气动吸盘能够实现对多种服装面料的有效抓取和转移,且针对不同透气性、质量的面料,通过调节供气压力大小,可实现对其有效抓取。

关键词: 无损抓取, 非接触式气动吸盘, 双级阶梯射流, 流场特性分析, 吸附力测试平台, 服装面料抓取

Abstract:

Objective With ongoing advances in intelligent manufacturing, reliable, non-damaging pick-and-place of flexible textile fabrics remains a critical bottleneck for automated garment production, directly affecting the throughput and product quality. Existing grippers-rigid jaws, soft contact hands, and electrostatic systems-either damage fabrics because of grippers' poor adaption to planar deformable sheets, or suffer from charge hysteresis causing dust attraction. This study designs a Bernoulli-based non-contact pneumatic suction cup to achieve stable, damage-free fabric handling for intelligent garment manufacturing.

Method Based on the Bernoulli principle, a non-contact pneumatic suction cup with double-stage stepped exhaust holes and circumferential guide ribs was designed to achieve gap-maintained non-contact gripping. ANSYS Fluent was utilized to analyze internal flow characteristics. A suction-force test rig was built, and a single-variable method was adopted to study influences of disc gap distance, hole gap height, bottom curvature and air pressure on suction force. Gripping tests with various garment fabrics were carried out to verify suction performance, adaptability and stability of the suction cup.

Results Simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the proposed suction cup structure, integrating double-stage stepped exhaust holes and circumferential guide ribs, enabled the airflow beneath the suction cup to be dominated by transverse flow with negligible axial impact. As a result, a relatively large and uniformly distributed negative-pressure region was formed on the outlet surface, generating a large suction force and ensuring stable grasping. Regarding structural parameters, the disc gap distance, hole gap height, and bottom curvature were found to significantly influence the suction force with an increase-decrease trend. The suction force reached its optimum when the disc gap distance was approximately 0.4 mm, the hole gap height was about 1.5 mm, and the bottom curvature was around 5°. In addition, the air pressure showed an approximately positive correlation with the suction force, and increasing the pressure within an appropriate range enabled effective regulation of the suction force to satisfy the grasping requirements of different target objects. Gripping experiments were conducted using garment fabrics with different air permeabilities as well as cartons, and the results indicated that the proposed suction cup was able to achieve stable and damage-free gripping of various planar flexible fabrics under appropriate supply pressures. Comprehensive simulation and experimental results further revealed that the suction cup exhibits good adaptability, promising application potential in the non-contact gripping of garment fabrics.

Conclusion A non-contact pneumatic suction cup based on the Bernoulli principle was proposed and designed to achieve stable non-contact gripping of flexible fabrics through the structural configuration of double-stage stepped exhaust holes and circumferential guide ribs. The results show that optimizing structural parameters and adjusting the air pressure can effectively improve suction performance and satisfy the gripping requirements of different target objects. Gripping experiments further demonstrate that the suction cup exhibits good adaptability and stability when handling various garment fabrics. This study provides a feasible solution for automated fabric handling in garment manufacturing and offers a reference for the application of non-contact pneumatic gripping devices in the manipulation of planar flexible materials.

Key words: non-damaging gripping, non-contact pneumatic suction cup, double-stage stepped jet, flow field characteristic analysis, suction force testing platform, garment fabric gripping

中图分类号:

TS112.7

王青, 赵世航, 刘甲怡, 吴加辉, 李西. 面向服装面料的非接触式气动吸盘设计[J]. 纺织学报, 2026, 47(05): 236-243.

WANG Qing, ZHAO Shihang, LIU Jiayi, WU Jiahui, LI Xi. Design of non-contact pneumatic suction cup for garment fabrics[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2026, 47(05): 236-243.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20250904901

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V47/I05/236

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方案	空腔高度h₁/mm	底面曲度α₁/(°)	压强P₁/MPa	圆盘间隙距离h₂/mm	孔径间隙高度h₃/mm
基准方案	20	8	0.4	0.4	1.25
方案1	20	8	0.4	0.1、0.2、0.3、0.5、0.6、0.7	1.25
方案2	20	8	0.4	0.4	0.5、0.75、1.0、1.5、1.75、2
方案3	20	0、3、5、10	0.4	0.4	1.25
方案4	20	8	0.2、0.3、0.5	0.4	1.25