纺织学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (07): 193-201.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20251202801

• 染整工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

葡萄糖改性水性聚氨酯胶黏剂的制备及其应用

段云康1,2, 高少坤1,2, 杨明璇1,2, 裴刘军1,2(), 李苏松3   

  1. 1 上海工程技术大学 上海纺织化学清洁生产工程技术研究中心, 上海 201620
    2 上海工程技术大学纺织服装学院, 上海 201620
    3 新疆科技学院 化工与纺织工程学院, 新疆 库尔勒 841000
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-15 修回日期:2026-05-12 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-07-29
  • 通讯作者: 裴刘军(1988—),男,副教授,博士。研究方向为纺织品清洁生产和纺织日用化学。E-mail:peilj@sues.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:段云康(2003—),男,硕士生。主要研究方向为聚氨酯的制备和应用。
  • 基金资助:
    新疆生产建设兵团中央引导项目(2025YD008);安徽省重点研发项目(2023t07020001)

Preparation and application of glucose modified waterborne polyurethane adhesive

DUAN Yunkang1,2, GAO Shaokun1,2, YANG Mingxuan1,2, PEI Liujun1,2(), LI Susong3   

  1. 1 Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Textile Chemistry and Clean Production, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
    2 School of Textiles and Fashion, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
    3 School of Chemical Engineering and Textile Engineering, Xinjiang College of Science & Technology, Korla, Xinjiang 841000, China
  • Received:2025-12-15 Revised:2026-05-12 Published:2026-07-15 Online:2026-07-29

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摘要：

针对线性水性聚氨酯(WPU)胶黏剂因缺乏交联位点而导致耐水、耐溶剂等性能不足的问题,以聚碳酸酯二元醇(PCDL)为软段,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为硬段,引入葡萄糖作为绿色交联剂,采用预聚体混合法制备交联型WPU胶黏剂。研究了葡萄糖质量分数对WPU性能的影响,并将优化后的WPU与有机硅烷偶联剂(KH560)、透明浆复合,用于反光织物的制备与性能评价。结果表明:葡萄糖构建了三维交联网络,随着其质量分数增加,WPU胶膜的断裂强力由6.58 N升至21.47 N,断裂伸长率由188.08%降至64.87%,耐溶剂性增强,耐水性因交联网络致密性先改善,后续因葡萄糖增加,引发官能团失衡、交联效率下降,大量亲水基团残留,交联度降低、耐水性能下降。当葡萄糖质量分数为1.0%时,WPU胶膜的综合性能最佳,断裂强力为10.28 N,断裂伸长率为94.11%,耐热碱质量残留率为80.3%。将该WPU胶黏剂用于制备反光织物,其中涤纶/棉织物、棉织物经3次水洗后逆反射系数变化率小于2%,涤纶织物的逆反射系数提升2.55%,展现出优异的耐水洗稳定性。

关键词: 水性聚氨酯, 胶黏剂, 葡萄糖改性, 交联网络, 反光织物, 生物基交联剂, 耐水洗性能

Abstract:

Objective In order to solve the problem of insufficient water and solvent resistance of linear waterborne polyurethane (WPU) adhesives due to the lack of cross-linking sites, A cross-linking modification strategy was proposed to optimize their comprehensive performance, aiming to develop eco-friendly WPU adhesives and expand their applications in reflective textiles.

Method A cross-linked WPU adhesive was prepared using a prepolymer mixing method, with polycarbonate diol (PCDL) as the soft segment, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) as the hard segments, and glucose as the green crosslinking agent. The influence of glucose mass fraction on the properties of WPU was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), mechanical testing, thermogravimetrico analysis (TG) and other methods, and the optimized WPU with organic silane coupling agent (KH560) and transparent paste were incorporated for the preparation and performance evaluation of reflective fabrics.

Results The result showed that glucose was successful in constructing a three-dimensional cross-linked network. As its mass fraction increased, the breaking strength of WPU increased from 6.58 N to 21.47 N, and the elongation at break decreased from 188.08% to 64.87%. The solvent resistance was enhanced, and the water washing resistance was improved by virtue of the compactness of the cross-linked network. Subsequently, the increase in glucose mass fraction caused functional group imbalance, decreased cross-linking efficiency, and many hydrophilic groups remained, resulting in a decrease in cross-linking degree and water resistance. When the glucose mass fraction was 1.0%, the comprehensive performance was found the best, with breaking strength being 10.28 N, the elongation at break 94.11%, and the heat and alkali mass residual rate 80.3%. After applying this WPU to reflective fabrics, the change rate of the reverse reflection coefficient of polyester/cotton fabrics and cotton fabrics after 3 water washing cycles was lower than 2%, while that of pure polyester fabrics increased by 2.55%, demonstrating excellent washing stability.

Conclusion Glucose reacts with —NCO to form a three-dimensional cross-linking network, making the emulsion from transparent to milky white with good stability. In terms of mechanical properties, the breaking strength is improved while the elongation rate decreases. The water washing resistance is superior first and then inferior (the mass fraction of 1.0% is the best), the solvent resistance and thermal stability are significantly enhanced, and the heat and alkali resistance remain stable (the mass residual rate is about 80%). The reflective fabric prepared by optimizing the adhesive composite has excellent performance, with polyester/cotton fabric as the optimal substrate. The fabric is solvent resistant, acid resistant, and washing durable, but not resistant to strong alkalis. The glucose modified WPU adhesive proposed utilizes its multifunctional group to construct a three-dimensional interpenetrating network, significantly improving the mechanical strength and solvent resistance of the film, as well as enhancing the integrity and cohesion of the film formation, thereby strengthening the interface bonding between the coating, reflective microbeads, and fabric substrate. Compared with existing systems, it can anchor microbeads more effectively, greatly improving the reflectivity coefficient and water washing resistance of reflective fabrics, providing a new solution for the environmentally friendly replacement of conventional solvent-based adhesives and the high-performance development of reflective fabrics.

Key words: waterborne polyurethane, adhesive, glucose modification, cross-linked network, reflective fabric, biobased crosslinking agent, water washing resistance

中图分类号: 

  • TS193.62

图1

交联型WPU的合成路线图"

图2

不同葡萄糖质量分数的WPU的FT-IR谱图"

表1

葡萄糖质量分数对WPU乳液性能的影响"

葡萄糖质量
分数/%		 乳液
外观		 稳定性
(180 d)		 固含量/% 黏度/
(mPa·s)
0.5 透明 稳定 33.85±0.78 12.2±0.3
1.0 透明 稳定 33.50±0.67 14.3±0.4
1.5 乳白 稳定 33.67±0.71 10.9±0.2
2.0 乳白 稳定 34.50±0.92 9.5±0.1

表2

葡萄糖质量分数对WPU力学性能的影响"

葡萄糖质量分数/% 断裂强力/N 断裂伸长率/%
0.5 6.58±0.51 188.08±4.13
1.0 10.28±0.60 94.11±2.75
1.5 11.69±0.62 87.99±2.05
2.0 21.47±0.76 64.87±1.63

图3

葡萄糖质量分数对WPU胶膜耐水、耐热碱、耐溶剂性能的影响"

图4

不同葡萄糖质量分数WPU胶膜的静态接触角"

图5

不同葡萄糖质量分数WPU胶膜的TG曲线"

表3

反光织物的耐环境稳定性测试结果"

性能 损坏现象 逆反射系数/(cd·lx-1·m-2)
耐溶剂 无损坏 483.6
耐酸 部分损坏 481.2
耐碱 几乎全部损坏 17.6
耐水洗 无损坏 499.1

图6

反光织物耐碱、水洗、酸、溶剂性能表征图"

表4

不同基材对所制备反光织物逆反射系数的影响"

基材 逆反射系数/(cd·lx-1·m-2)
洗前 3次水洗后
棉织物 493.8 502.3
涤纶/棉织物 503.7 512.5
仿蚕丝织物 481.6 492.2
涤纶织物 473.8 485.9
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