纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (06): 8-16.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240702201

• 纤维新材料与纺织绿色发展青年科学家沙龙专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

废旧涤纶醇解及含氟水性聚氨酯的制备

史晟1,2, 王涯舟1, 王淑花1,2(), 庞明科1, 李鑫1, 张美玲1, 高承永1,2   

  1. 1.太原理工大学 轻纺工程学院, 山西 晋中 030600
    2.山西浙大新材料与化工研究院, 山西 太原 030024
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-09 修回日期:2024-09-10 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-07-02
  • 通讯作者: 王淑花(1973—),女,副教授,博士。主要研究方向为废旧纺织品回收再利用。E-mail:1308870214@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:史晟(1986—),男,副教授,博士。主要研究方向为废旧纺织品的回收再利用。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(51903184);山西省自然科学基金项目(20210302124058);山西浙大新材料与化工研究院研发项目(2022SX-TD005);江苏省纺织印染节能减排与清洁生产工程研究中心开放课题资助项目(SDGC2307)

Preparation of fluorinated waterborne polyurethane from waste polyester fibers by alcoholysis

SHI Sheng1,2, WANG Yazhou1, WANG Shuhua1,2(), PANG Mingke1, LI Xin1, ZHANG Meiling1, GAO Chengyong1,2   

  1. 1. College of Light Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030600, China
    2. Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
  • Received:2024-07-09 Revised:2024-09-10 Published:2025-06-15 Online:2025-07-02

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摘要： 针对废旧涤纶的大量使用而导致的资源浪费和环境污染问题,以乙二醇为醇解剂、氯化胆碱和醋酸锌为复合催化剂对涤纶进行解聚,得到产物对苯二甲酸双羟乙酯(BHET);然后以醇解产物为原料合成含氟水性聚氨酯(FWPU),探究不同的异氰酸根指数(R值)、亲水基团2,2-双(羟甲基)丙酸(DMPA)添加量、疏水基团八氟戊醇(F8)对含氟水性聚氨酯乳液状态、稳定性、黏度、pH值以及粒径的影响。结果表明:在涤纶醇解最佳反应条件(反应温度为180℃,醋酸锌与氯化胆碱的量比为1∶1,反应时间为4 h,涤纶与乙二醇的质量比为1∶5)下,涤纶的转化率最高可达100%,产物BHET的产率最高可达91.5%;在以醇解产物合成FWPU的最佳工艺(R值为1.3、DMPA添加量为8%、F8添加量为15%)下,含氟水性聚氨酯乳液的外观清澈透明,粒径小于255 nm,属于聚氨酯乳液范围,黏度为95 mPa·s,pH值为弱碱性,乳液具有良好的稳定性。

关键词: 废旧纺织品, 废旧涤纶, 醇解, 含氟水性聚氨酯, 乳液稳定性

Abstract:

Objective Polyester fibers is popularly used in modern textile industry, and the recycling of waste polyester fibers is very meaningful. The objective of this paper is to recycle waste polyester by chemical methods and synthesize the obtained products into fluorinated waterborne polyurethane (FWPU) with higher value, in order to realize the recycling and reuse of waste polyester fibers.

Mothed The alcoholysis of waste polyester fibers was carried out under the conditions of choline chloride and zinc acetate as composite catalysts using ethylene glycol as alcoholysis agent. The effects of the molar ratio of choline chloride and zinc acetate, the reaction temperature, and the mass ratio of polyester fibers to ethylene glycol on the conversion rate of polyester fibers and the production rate of bis(2-hydroxyethyl)terephthalate(BHET) were explored, respectively. The products from the alcoholysis were studied. The alcoholysis products were synthesized into FWPU, and the effects of different isocyanate index(R-values), 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid(DMPA) additions, and 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentanol(F8) additions on the properties of FWPU emulsion appearance, emulsion stability, pH value, and emulsion viscosity were investigated, and the molecular structure of FWPU was characterized.

Results The best conditions for alcoholysis reaction were found as follows: reaction temperature 180 ℃, zinc acetate to choline chloride was 1∶1, reaction time 4 h, polyester to ethylene glycol was 1∶5, under which the polyester fiber conversion rate was as high as 100%, the product yield of BHET reached up to 91.5%. When the R vlaue was 1.3, the content of DMPA was 8%, the content of F8 was 15%, the appearance of FWPU emulsion was clear and transparent, particle size was less than 255 nm, which belongs to the range of polyurethane emulsion. Viscosity was 95 mPa·s, pH value was weak alkaline, emulsion has good stability.

Conclusion In this study, waste polyester fibers were recycled and FWPU were synthesized by alcoholysis, and it was found that waste polyester fibers can be recycled by glycol alcoholysis, and FWPU can be successfully synthesized from the alcoholysis products, and the obtained FWPU has small particle size and viscosity, good stability, and appearance.

Key words: waste textile, waste polyester, alcoholysis, fluorinated waterborne polyurethane, emulsion stability

中图分类号: 

  • TS102.9

图1

涤纶醇解示意图"

图2

不同因素对醇解产率的影响"

图3

醇解产物分析结果"

表1

不同R值FWPU的性能"

R值 乳液状态 稳定性 pH值 黏度/(mPa·s)
1.1 半透明 无沉淀 7.2 125
1.2 白色 无沉淀 7.7 110
1.3 透明 无沉淀 7.7 80
1.4 白色 无沉淀 7.4 59
1.5 白色 少量沉淀 7.0 45

图4

不同R值对FWPU粒径的影响"

表2

不同DMPA添加量FWPU的性能"

DMPA添
加量/%		 乳液状态 稳定性 pH值 黏度/
(mPa·s)
6 白色 沉淀 7.6 70
7 石灰水色 无沉淀 7.5 96
8 白色 无沉淀 7.7 110
9 石灰水色 无沉淀 7.4 118
10 蓝光透明 无沉淀 7.3 126

图5

DMPA添加量对含氟水性聚氨酯粒径的影响"

表3

不同F8添加量FWPU的性能"

F8添加量/% 乳液状态 稳定性 pH值 黏度/(mPa·s)
0 半透明 无沉淀 7.2 125
5 淡蓝光半透明 无沉淀 7.2 116
10 白色 无沉淀 7.7 110
15 透明 无沉淀 7.4 95
20 白色 少量 7.0 80

图6

FWPU稳定性测试前后实物图及吸水率曲线"

图7

F8添加量对FWPU粒径的影响"

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