Journal of Textile Research ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (08): 158-165.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200307308

• Column: Medical Protective Textiles • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Research progress of filtering material for medical mask

ZHOU Huilin1,2, YANG Weimin1, LI Haoyi1()   

  1. 1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
    2. School of Fashion Communication, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2020-03-27 Revised:2020-06-01 Online:2020-08-15 Published:2020-08-21
  • Contact: LI Haoyi E-mail:lhy@mail.buct.edu.cn

RichHTML

35

PDF (PC)

306

Abstract:

Medical mask filtering materials have problems including high respiratory resistance, short effective time of electrostatic adsorption caused by easy loss of charge in the filtering materials, and the disposable use of the filtering materials. This paper reviewed and summarized the research progress of the medical mask filtering materials. According to the history of mask development, the evolution of the meltblown superfine fiber nonwovens, nanofiber membranes, multifunctional composite nanofiltration materials and their preparation technology were analyzed. From the perspective of patent application, new materials and new technologies, the development trend of filtering materials for medical masks was discussed. It is believed that the nanoscale filtering materials, the filtration with multi-layer functional materials and safe reuse of filtering materials represent the future research and development directions for medical mask materials.

Key words: medical mask, nonwoven, meltblown nonwoven, filtering material, nano-material

CLC Number: 

  • TS176

Fig.1

Structure of medical mask with nonwoven"

Tab.1

Types and executive standards of medical masks in major countries and regions"

国家与
地区		 测试标准 分类 测试流量 过滤效果
中国 YY/T 0969—2013《一次性医用口罩》 一次性医用
口罩		 流量为28.3 L/min BFE≥95%
YY/T 0469—2011《医用外科口罩》 医用外科
口罩		 流量为30 L/min,呼吸阻力为
8 L/min,面积为5.06 cm2		 BFE≥95%,PFE≥30%,
阻力要求≤49 mm H2O
GB 19083—2010《医用防护口罩技术要求》 流量为85 L/min,吸气阻力≤343.2 Pa 1级≥95%,2级≥99%,3级≥99.97%
将2 mL合成血液以10.7 kPa(80 mmHg)压力喷向口罩,口罩内侧不应出现渗透
美国 ASTM F 2100—2019《医用口罩用材料性能规格》 L级 BFE≥95%,压差<4.0 mm H2O,血透为80 mm Hg
M级 BFE≥98%,压差<5.0 mm H2O,PFE≥98%,血透为120 mm Hg
H级 BFE≥98%,压差<5.0 mm H2O,PFE≥98%,血透为160 mm Hg
欧盟 BS EN 14683—2019《医用口罩要求和试验方法》 TYPEⅠ BFE≥95%,压差<40 Pa,只给病人及易过敏的人群
TYPEⅡ BFE≥98%,压差<40 Pa
TYPEⅡR BFE≥98%,压差<60 Pa,血透为120 mm Hg;BFE流量为28.3 L/min;压差流量为
8 L/min,面积为4.9 cm2
澳大
利亚		 AS 4381:2015《用于卫生保健的一次性口罩》 Level 1 BFE≥95%, PFE 无规定,合成血液穿透阻力为80 mm Hg
Level 2 BFE≥98%, PFE 无规定,合成血液穿透阻力为120 mm Hg
Level 3 BFE≥98%, PFE无规定,合成血液穿透阻力为160 mm Hg

Fig.2

Schematic diagram of protection efficiency of meltblown nonwoven"

Fig.3

Ultra-thin high transmittance filtration filter"

Fig.4

SEM images of nonwovens with different area density PET deposition"

Fig.5

Schematic diagram of melt differential electrospinning. (a) Schematic diagram of spinneret;(b) Diagram of electrospinning"

Tab.3

Hot spots mask patent application since 2017"

序号 专利公开号 核心层组材料
1 CN106723514A 内装有静电网、驻极体纤维网、活性炭吸附层、吸附棉层
2 CN206482061U PP非织造布层、纳米二氧化钛涂层网、纳米银涂层网、石墨烯泡沫层和植物纤维非织造布
3 CN206586430U 纤维贴面层、海藻纤维过滤层、纳米银抗菌层、氧化石墨烯过滤层、熔喷非织造布层
4 CN206482060U 纤维面层、熔喷非织造布层、石墨烯与壳聚糖混合层和纤维面层
5 CN207202125U 防静电层、纳米活性碳纤维滤片层、纳米活性碳纤维滤片依托层和抗菌聚酯纤维抗菌层
6 CN206699465U 含碳纤维多孔膜负载二氧化钛微/纳米纤维微孔膜
7 CN206996064U 含纳米纤维素和纳米银颗粒的纳米纤维滤膜
8 CN107048538A 纳米银抗菌纤维膜、活性碳纳米纤维膜和中药抗菌纤维膜构成的滤片
9 CN106690577A 抗静电层、氧化石墨烯/二氧化硅/聚合物复合纳米层、负离子非织造布层、抗菌抑菌层
10 CN107467748A 含纳米银离子的纺织纤维层、负离子层、竹碳纤维纺织物层

Fig.6

Bionic porous Murray fiber"

Fig.7

Schematic diagram of mask for medical use of "fresh air and healthy air""

[1] 口罩的历史,得从元朝说起[EB/OL]. [2020-03-07]. https://www.sohu.com/a/378401229_647840.
The history of masks goes back to the yuan dynasty [EB/OL]. [2020-03-07]. https://www.sohu.com/a/378401229_647840.
[2] 杨杰. 口罩的历史[J]. 世界环境, 2019 (4):8.
YANG Jie. The history of mouth-muffle[J]. World Environment, 2019 (4):8.
[3] 杨大成, 刘允侠. 口罩的来历[J]. 中华医史杂志, 2006,36(4):226.
YANG Dacheng, LIU Yunxia. Origin of mask[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical History, 2006,36(4):226.
[4] 李东海. 医用一次性防护服标准对比及评价方法的研究[D]. 上海: 东华大学, 2006: 7-8.
LI Donghai. Research on comparison and evaluation methods of medical disposable protective clothing standards[D]. Shanghai: Donghua University, 2006: 7-8.
[5] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 100 years of respiratory protection history[EB/OL]. (2019-07-31)[2020-02-02]. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/Respirator-Protection-history/.html.
[6] 邱东鹰, 蔡映云. 非织造材料医用口罩的研制及临床应用进展[J]. 药学服务与研究, 2005,5(1):90-91.
QIU Dongying, CAI Yingyun. Advances in development and clinical of the medical masks made of non-woven material[J]. Pharm Care & Res, 2005,5(1):90-91.
[7] SHAPIRO H. An analysis of the mechanism of the bacterial filtering action of gauze masks[J]. American Journal of Epidemiology, 1950,51(2):135-141.
[8] 李瑞欣, 彭景洋, 刘亚, 等. 非织造布在过滤中的应用[J]. 非织造布, 2011,19(6):63-66.
LI Ruixin, PENG Jingyang, LIU Ya, et al. Application of nonwovens in filtration[J]. Nonwovens, 2011,19(6):63-66.
[9] LIU J X, ZHANG H F, GONG H, et al. Polyethylene/polypropylene bicomponent spunbond air filtration materials containing magnesium stearate for efficient fine particle capture[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interface, 2019,11(43):40592-40601.
doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b13162
[10] 林汉京. 战疫利器:熔喷织物与防护口罩[J/OL]. 化工管理, [2020-02-24]. http://www.chinacem.net/info.asp?id=973.
LIN Hanjing. The weapon of war epidemic disease:melting spray fabric and protective mask[J/OL]. Chemical Management, [2020-02-24]. http://www.chinacem.net/info.asp?id=973.
[11] 谢敬伟. 各国口罩标准简论[J]. 科学与信息化, 2019(16):198.
XIE Jingwei. A brief discussion of mask standards in various countries[J]. Technology and Information, 2019(16):198.
[12] 左双燕, 陈玉华, 曾翠, 等. 各国口罩应用范围及相关标准介绍[J]. 中国感染控制杂志, 2020,19(2):109-116.
ZUO Shuangyan, CHEN Yuhua, ZENG Cui, et al. Application scope and relevant standards of masks in various countries[J]. Chinese Journal of Infection Control, 2020,19(2):109-116.
[13] 陆健. 专题论坛: 东华大学研制成功超细纤维非织造布[J]. 纺织信息周刊, 2003(17):16.
LU Jian. Topic forum: Donghua University successfully developed microfiber non-woven fabrics[J]. Textile Information Weekly, 2003(17):16.
[14] 王勃, 王建营, 孙家跃, 等. 闪蒸法聚乙烯非织造布的研究进展[J]. 化工时刊, 2002(9):12-14.
WANG Bo, WANG Jianying, SUN Jiayue, et al. Research progress of flash evaporation method for poly(acetylene) nonwoven fabrics[J]. Chemistry & Reviews, 2002(9):12-14.
[15] 翁浦莹, 金梦楚, 蒙冉菊, 等. 纳米复合口罩过滤性能影响因素的正交试验分析[J]. 测试分析, 2019(3):35-37.
WENG Puying, JIN Mengchu, MENG Ranju, et al. Orthogonal experimental analysis of the factors influencing the filtration performance of nano-composite masks[J]. Test and Analysis, 2019(3):35-37.
[16] ZHANG Shichao, LIU Hui, TANG Ning, et al. Highly efficient, transparent, and multifunctional air filters using self-assembled 2D nanoarchitectured fibrous networks[J]. ACS Nano, 2019. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07293.
pmid: 33513013
[17] HUANG X X, JIAO T F, LIU Q Q, et al. Hierarchical electrospun nanofiber streated by solvent vapor annealing as air filtration mat for high-efficiency PM2.5 cap-ture[J]. Science China Mater, 2019,62(3):423-426.
[18] DU Lin, ZHANG Youchen, LI Xiangnan, et al. High performance anti-smog window screens via electrospun nanofibers[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2019. DOI: 10.1002/app.48657.
doi: 10.1002/app.40297 pmid: 25382868
[19] LI H Y, CHEN H B, ZHONG X F, et al. Interject distance in needleless melt differential electrospinning with umbellate nozzles[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2014,131(15):40515.
[20] 黄海超, 宋国林, 唐国翌, 等. 驻极体-增塑剂复合改性聚乳酸熔喷非织造材料的制备及性能[J]. 复合材料学报, 2019,36(3):563-571.
HUANG Haichao, SONG Guolin, TANG Guoyi, et al. Preparation and characterization of poly (lactic acid) meltblown nonwovens modified by electrets and co- plasticizers[J]. Acta Materia Composite Sinica, 2019,36(3):563-571.
[21] 吴贤勇, 夏钟福, 安振连, 等. 厚度对非极性聚合物薄膜驻极体电荷储存及电荷动态特性的影响[J ]. 物理学报, 2004,53(12):4325-4329.
WU Xianyong, XIA Zhongfu, AN Zhenlian, et al. Influence of thickness on charge storage and dynamic properties of non-polar film electrets[J]. Acta Physical Sinica, 2004,53(12):4325-4329.
[22] 陶玥. 载银活性炭纤维的制备与应用性能研究[D]. 苏州:苏州大学, 2015: 123-124.
TAO Yue. Study on preparation and application performance of silver-loaded activated carbon fiber[D]. Suzhou: Soochow University, 2015: 123-124.
[23] 王一华. 防雾霾口罩专利分析及发展方向预测研究[J]. 创新科技, 2018,18(12):36-39.
WANG Yihua. Patent analysis and development direction predication study on antismog mask[J]. Innovation Science and Technology, 2018,18(12):36-39.
[24] BABAR A A, MIAO D Y, ALI N, et al. Breathable and colorful cellulose acetate-based nanofibrous membranes for directional moisture transport[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018,10(26):22866-22875.
doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b07393 pmid: 29870228
[25] 郭丽莉, 吴国忠, 秦子淇. 辐照技术为武汉疫情提供快速高效的医用防护服灭菌服务[J]. 辐射研究与辐射工艺学报, 2020,38(1):011101.
GUO Lili, WU Guozhong, QIN Ziqi. Radiation technique provides fast and qualified sterilization service for disposable medical protective clothing to the fight against novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan[J]. Radiat Res Radiat Process, 2020,38(1):011101.
[26] 于建荣, 王跃, 毛开云. 生物基产品发展现状及前景分析[J]. 生物产业技术, 2017 (4):7-15.
YU Jianrong, WANG Yue, MAO Kaiyun. The analysis of current situation and development prospect of biobased products[J]. Biotechnology & Business, 2017 (4):7-15.
[27] 国家卫生健康委办公厅关于印发新型冠状病毒肺炎防控方案(第四版)[EB/OL]. [2020-02-06]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/s3577/202002/573340613ab243b3a7f61df260551dd4.shtml.
The General Office of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China issued the prevention and control plan for new coronavirus pneumonia (fourth edition)[EB/OL]. [2020-02-06]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/s3577/202002/573340613ab243b3a7f61 df260551dd4.shtml.
[28] 陈建峰院士团队“口罩荷电再生重复使用技术”得到中央领导同志充分肯定 [EB/OL]. [2020-02-26]. http://www.cae.cn/cae/html/main/col1/2020-02/26/20200226195641170447989-1.html.
"The charge regeneration and reuse of the technology of mask" of Chen Jianfeng's academician steam has been fully affirmed by the central leading comrades [EB/OL]. [2020-02-26]. http://www.cae.cn/cae/html/main/col1/2020-02/26/20200226195641170447989-1.html.
[29] 林清, 黄韵芝, 孙桂萍. 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情中一性使用医用口罩重复使用及消毒方法的可行性探讨[J/OL]. 护理管理杂志, [2020-02-22]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.4716.C.20200221.0954.002.html.
LAM Simon Ching, HUANG Emma Yun-Zhi, SUEN Lorna Kwai Pin. Discussion on the feasibility of reuse and disinfection of disposable medical masks in novel coronavirus pneumonia[J]. Journal of Nursing Administration, [2020-02-22]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.4716.C.20200221.0954.002.html.
[30] 章哲豪, 万兆新, 苏同生. 智能呼吸净化防雾霾口罩的设计[J]. 电子世界, 2018(5):124-125.
ZHANG Zhehao, WAN Zhaoxin, SU Tongsheng. Design of intelligent respirator to purify and prevent smog[J]. Electronics World, 2018(5):124-125.
[31] 关天屹. 一种新型智能雾霾口罩的设计[J]. 工业控制计算机, 2017(30):95-99.
GUAN Tianyi. Design of a new smart haze mask[J]. Industrial Control Computer, 2017(30):95-99.
[32] 吴凡, 陆定邦. 应用PEST-QFD 探讨雾霾口罩[J]. 科教文汇, 2018(C):186-188.
WU Fan, LU Dingbang. Discussion on smog mask with PEST-QFD[J]. The Science Education Article Collects, 2018(C):186-188.
[1] WANG Qiuping, ZHANG Ruiping, LI Chenghong, ZHANG Gecheng. Preparation and characterization of conductive polyester nonwovens [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(10): 116-121.
[2] SUN Huanwei, ZHANG Heng, ZHEN Qi, ZHU Feichao, QIAN Xiaoming, CUI Jingqiang, ZHANG Yifeng. Filtrations of propylene-based micro-nano elastic filters via melt blowing process [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(10): 20-28.
[3] ZHANG Lingyun, QIAN Xiaoming, ZOU Chi, ZOU Zhiwei. Preparation and properties of SiO2 aerogel/polyester-polyethylene bicomponent fiber composite thermal insulation materials [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(08): 22-26.
[4] CHEN Shiping, CHEN Min, WEI Cen, WANG Fujun, WANG Lu. Structure and functions of medical protective clothing and trend for research and development [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(08): 179-187.
[5] XIA Lei, CHENG Bowen, XI Peng, ZHUANG Xupin, ZHAO Yixia, LIU Ya, KANG Weimin, REN Yuanlin. Research progress of flash spinning nano/micro-fiber nonwoven technology [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(08): 166-171.
[6] AN Qi, FU Yijun, ZHANG Yu, ZHANG Wei, WANG Lu, LI Dawei. Research progress of nonwovens for medical protective garment [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(08): 188-196.
[7] LÜ Hanming, WANG Xiangyu, LIU Fengkun. Estimating water content of acetate fiber spunlaced nonwovens with dielectric spectroscopy [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(06): 55-60.
[8] ZHANG Xing, LIU Jinxin, ZHANG Haifeng, WANG Yuxiao, JIN Xiangyu. Preparation technology and research status of nonwoven filtration materials for individual protective masks [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(03): 168-174.
[9] ZHEN Qi, ZHANG Heng, ZHU Feichao, SHI Jianhong, LIU Yong, ZHANG Yifeng. Fabrication and properties of polypropylene / polyester bicomponent micro-nanofiber webs via melt blowing process [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(02): 26-32.
[10] FU Lisong, ZHANG Shujie, WANG Rui, YANG Zhaowei, JING Mengke. Tensile strength of polyester / ramie nonwoven composite applied on pipeline rehabilitation [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(02): 52-57.
[11] LIU Yuhao, SUN Hui, WANG Jieqi, YU Bin. Preparation of TiO2 / MIL-88B(Fe) / polypropylene composite melt-blown nonwovens and study on dye degradation properties [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(02): 95-102.
[12] MIAO Miao, WANG Xiaoxu, WANG Ying, LÜ Lihua, WEI Chunyan. Preparation and antistatic property of graphene oxide grafted polypropylene nonwoven fabric [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2019, 40(11): 125-130.
[13] WANG Lu, DING Xiaojun, XIA Xin, WANG Hong, ZHOU Xiaohong. Protective function of SiO2 aerogel hybrid/aramid nonwovens fabric [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2019, 40(10): 79-84.
[14] LIU Jian, MAO Jinlu, PENG Li, CAI Lingyun, ZHENG Xuming, ZHANG Fushan. Performance and regulation of hydrophilic oil agent for polyethylene-polypropylene nonwoven fabrics [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2019, 40(09): 114-121.
[15] ZHOU Ying, WANG Chuang, ZHU Jiaying, HUANG Linxi, YANG Lili, YU Houyong, YAO Juming, JIN Wanhui. Preparation of controllable ZnO nanoparticles on surface of nonwovens [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2019, 40(09): 35-41.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备14006648号
Copyright 2021 © Editorial office of Journal of Textile Research
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd