Journal of Textile Research ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (07): 69-77.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240402001

• Textile Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Study on fiber hooking in cotton fiber assembly based on fiber mass distribution method

CHU Xiangting1, GAO Jian2, ZHANG Hongdou1, LU Huiwen2, LIU Xinjin1(), SU Xuzhong1   

  1. 1 College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
    2 Uster Technologies (China) Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu 200051, China
  • Received:2024-04-08 Revised:2024-09-25 Online:2025-07-15 Published:2025-08-14
  • Contact: LIU Xinjin E-mail:liuxinjin2006@163.com

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Abstract:

Objective In textile production, 80% of fibers in card sliver are hooked fibers. However, the hooked fiber is easy to twist into nep in the later process, which has a significant negative impact on the yarn strength, uniformity and fabric appearance. The number and directions of hooked fibers determine the fiber straightness and yarn evenness. Therefore, the measurement and characterization of hooked fiber is of great significance for optimizing process parameters, regulating spinning processes and improving semi-finished products and yarn quality. At present, most methods to characterize hooked fibers by measuring fiber straightness have the disadvantages of heavy workload and long testing time. The rapid batch detection of hooked fibers is of great significance for adjusting process parameters in time and improving yarn quality.

Method In order to quickly detect the hooked fiber state in each process, this paper puts forward a new method to quickly obtain the hooked index in cotton yarn to characterize the hooked state with the instrument USTER®LVI 930. The proportion of hooked fiber in spinning process measured by the tracer fiber method is based on data. Then the instrument USTER®LVI 930 was adopted to characterize the proportion of hooked fibers. Combined with the quality test, the feasibility of this method was explored by comparing the data of the two.

Results Based on the tracer fiber method, viscose fiber with similar properties to raw cotton was used as tracer fiber. In this study, one thousandth tracer fiber is mixed into the cotton fiber. The processed cotton yarn, including card sliver, semi-drawn sliver, drawn sliver, roving and yarn, were tested by tracer fiber method first. The leading hooked fiber, the trailing hooked fiber and the both ends hooked fibers are counted as the hooked fiber ratio in the cotton yarn, that is, the hook index NTF. Then, the above-mentioned cotton yarn was tested by the instrument USTER®LVI 930, and the fiber length distribution at the front and back ends intervals of 3.175 mm was obtained. The length difference between the front and back ends was believed to be caused by hooked fibers. Therefore, the fiber length distribution was transformed into the fiber mass distribution. Then, according to the difference between the fiber mass distribution of the front and back ends, the proportion of hooked fibers in cotton yarn, that is, the hook index NMD, was calculated. By comparing the hook index NMD of fiber mass distribution method and the hook index NTF of tracer fiber method, it was that with the progress of spinning process, the fiber straightness increases and the hooked fiber decreases, and the hook index NMD is closer to NTF. Finally, the cotton yarn was tested for quality, which showed that the change trend of quality index and hook index was basically the same in the spinning process. Among them, a big gap is found in the hook index in the first drawing. This may be due to the fact that the length of the hook was related to the length of the fiber, and the longer fiber was easy to form a longer hook. The average length of tracer fiber was higher than the weighted half average length of raw cotton. In the process of sliver and drawing with low fiber straightness, the hook index NTF of tracer fiber method was higher than that of fiber mass distribution method NMD.

Conclusion By comparing the hook index and quality test in the two testing methods, the hook index of fiber weight distribution method can quickly characterize the hook in cotton yarn to some extent. For slivers, the hooks index calculated by the fiber mass distribution method proposed in the paper is generally within 6% error compared with the tracer fiber method. For roving and spun yarn, the difference is within 2%. The rapid batch acquisition of hook index NMD is expected to optimize process parameters and improve carding effect in time, thus improving economic benefits and promoting the new development of high-quality textiles.

Key words: hooked fiber, fiber weight distribution, cotton fiber assembly, hook index, fiber length distribution, yarn quality

CLC Number: 

  • TS102

Tab.1

Number and NTF of hooked fibers in cotton fiber assembly"

工序 伸直
纤维根数		 前弯钩
纤维根数		 后弯钩
纤维根数		 两端弯钩
纤维根数		 弯钩指数
NTF/%
生条 1 027 572 2 830 905 80.75
一并条 2 320 2 288 202 192 53.62
二并条 4 000 528 886 111 27.60
二并粗纱 445 54 10 0 12.57
二并细纱 103 3 2 0 4.63
三并条 1 413 312 52 16 21.19
三并粗纱 466 16 16 1 6.61
三并细纱 113 4 2 1 5.83

Fig.1

Sampling test of slivers. (a) Twisted and de-twisted slivers; (b) Slivers held by fixtures"

Fig.2

Curve of fiber fibrogram distribution of card sliver F10"

Fig.3

Histogram of fiber length distribution of card sliver F10"

Fig.4

Sampling test of rovings. (a) Twisted and de-twisted rovings; (b) Rovings held by fixtures"

Fig.5

Sampling test of spun yarns. (a) De-twisted yarns; (b) Yarns held by fixtures"

Tab.2

Fiber length distribution in carding and drawing"

纤维长度区间
n/mm		 生条 一并条 二并条 三并条
ηB/% ηF/% ηB/% ηF/% ηB/% ηF/% ηB/% ηF/%
0.000~3.175 0.763 1.675 1.032 3.639 0.480 1.607 0.852 2.834
3.176~6.350 2.633 5.605 0.583 1.946 0.799 2.716 0.584 1.972
6.351~9.525 3.898 7.812 1.032 3.639 0.480 1.607 0.852 2.834
9.526~12.700 3.929 9.928 0.583 1.946 0.799 2.716 0.584 1.972
12.701~15.875 3.711 12.325 1.032 3.639 0.480 1.607 0.852 2.834
15.876~19.050 7.949 14.647 0.583 1.946 0.799 2.716 0.584 1.972
19.051~22.225 15.279 15.509 1.032 3.639 0.480 1.607 0.852 2.834
22.256~25.400 20.790 14.590 0.583 1.946 0.799 2.716 0.584 1.972
25.401~28.575 21.122 11.197 1.032 3.639 0.480 1.607 0.852 2.834
28.576~31.750 14.093 5.509 0.583 1.946 0.799 2.716 0.584 1.972
31.751~34.925 5.127 1.197 1.032 3.639 0.480 1.607 0.852 2.834
34.926~38.100 0.703 0.006 0.583 1.946 0.799 2.716 0.584 1.972
38.101~41.275 0.001 0.000 1.032 3.639 0.480 1.607 0.852 2.834
41.276~44.450 0.000 0.000 0.583 1.946 0.799 2.716 0.584 1.972

Tab.3

Fiber length distribution in roving and yarn spinning"

纤维长度
区间n/mm		 二并粗纱 二并细纱 三并粗纱 三并细纱
ηB/% ηF/% ηB/% ηF/% ηB/% ηF/% ηB/% ηF/%
0.000~3.175 0.700 2.335 1.270 4.340 0.515 1.735 1.060 3.600
3.176~6.350 0.480 1.685 1.270 4.335 0.520 1.800 1.305 4.370
6.351~9.525 0.700 2.335 1.270 4.340 0.515 1.735 1.060 3.600
9.52612.700 0.480 1.685 1.270 4.335 0.520 1.800 1.305 4.370
12.701~15.875 0.700 2.335 1.270 4.340 0.515 1.735 1.060 3.600
15.876~19.050 0.480 1.685 1.270 4.335 0.520 1.800 1.305 4.370
19.051~22.225 0.700 2.335 1.270 4.340 0.515 1.735 1.060 3.600
22.256~25.400 0.480 1.685 1.270 4.335 0.520 1.800 1.305 4.370
25.401~28.575 0.700 2.335 1.270 4.340 0.515 1.735 1.060 3.600
28.576~31.750 0.480 1.685 1.270 4.335 0.520 1.800 1.305 4.370
31.751~34.925 0.700 2.335 1.270 4.340 0.515 1.735 1.060 3.600
34.926~38.100 0.480 1.685 1.270 4.335 0.520 1.800 1.305 4.370
38.101~41.275 0.700 2.335 1.270 4.340 0.515 1.735 1.060 3.600
41.276~44.450 0.480 1.685 1.270 4.335 0.520 1.800 1.305 4.370

Tab.4

Fiber weight distribution in carding and drawing"

纤维长度
区间n/mm		 生条 一并条 二并条 三并条
εB/% εF/% εB/% εF/% εB/% εF/% εB/% εF/%
0.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
0.000~3.175 0.992 0.983 0.990 0.994 0.995 0.992 0.991 0.994
3.176~6.350 0.966 0.927 0.953 0.975 0.979 0.965 0.963 0.974
6.351~9.525 0.927 0.849 0.903 0.942 0.950 0.924 0.921 0.942
9.526~12.700 0.888 0.750 0.852 0.910 0.922 0.882 0.871 0.903
12.701~15.875 0.851 0.627 0.789 0.895 0.914 0.843 0.823 0.876
15.876~19.050 0.771 0.480 0.682 0.837 0.878 0.764 0.752 0.832
19.051~22.225 0.618 0.325 0.526 0.685 0.752 0.616 0.633 0.734
22.256~25.400 0.411 0.179 0.344 0.462 0.542 0.415 0.471 0.570
25.401~28.575 0.199 0.067 0.170 0.230 0.298 0.210 0.286 0.358
28.576~31.750 0.058 0.012 0.053 0.072 0.110 0.069 0.126 0.162
31.751~34.925 0.007 0.000 0.007 0.010 0.021 0.011 0.032 0.044
34.926~38.100 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.003 0.005
38.101~41.275 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
41.276~44.450 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Tab.5

Fiber mass distribution in roving and yarn spinning"

纤维长度
区间n/mm		 二并粗纱 二并细纱 三并粗纱 三并细纱
εB/% εF/% εB/% εF/% εB/% εF/% εB/% εF/%
0.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
0.000~3.175 0.993 0.995 0.987 0.987 0.995 0.995 0.989 0.987
3.176~6.350 0.970 0.978 0.944 0.944 0.978 0.977 0.953 0.943
6.351~9.525 0.933 0.949 0.885 0.885 0.949 0.946 0.902 0.883
9.526~12.700 0.892 0.913 0.816 0.814 0.913 0.908 0.843 0.806
12.701~15.875 0.859 0.887 0.724 0.720 0.889 0.884 0.774 0.711
15.876~19.050 0.803 0.850 0.604 0.601 0.855 0.843 0.674 0.595
19.051~22.225 0.693 0.757 0.462 0.466 0.765 0.741 0.534 0.462
22.256~25.400 0.527 0.587 0.302 0.317 0.599 0.572 0.359 0.313
25.401~28.575 0.324 0.363 0.146 0.164 0.379 0.360 0.184 0.159
28.576~31.750 0.144 0.162 0.039 0.050 0.174 0.165 0.062 0.047
31.751~34.925 0.038 0.044 0.003 0.006 0.049 0.046 0.010 0.006
34.926~38.100 0.003 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.005 0.000 0.000
38.101~41.275 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
41.276~44.450 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Fig.6

Fiber mass distribution at front end F and back end B of card sliver"

Tab.6

Hook indexes NMD and NTF of cotton fiber assembly"

棉集合体类别 NMD/% NTF/%
生条 74.49 80.75
一并条 37.18 53.62
二并条 33.61 27.60
二并粗纱 15.51 12.57
二并细纱 3.01 4.63
三并条 26.13 21.19
三并粗纱 5.48 6.61
三并细纱 18.56 5.83

Tab.7

Quality testing result of sliver and roving"

棉集合体类别 U值/% CV值/%
生条 5.37 6.96
一并条 3.25 4.13
二并条 3.67 4.63
二并粗纱 6.99 9.20
三并条 3.68 4.63
三并粗纱 5.89 7.55

Tab.8

Quality testing result of yarn"

棉集合体
类别		 断裂强度/
(cN·tex-1)		 强力/
cN		 条干
CV值/%		 质量
不匀/%		 毛羽
指数H		 细节(-40%)/
(个·km-1)		 粗节(+35%)/
(个·km-1)		 棉结(+140%)/
(个·km-1)
二并细纱 16.09 293.1 16.38 12.96 5.03 650.00 1 338.33 463.33
三并细纱 14.05 256.0 16.38 12.89 5.60 690.00 1 265.00 1 018.33
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