Journal of Textile Research ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (09): 9-18.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20250306301

• Academic Salon Column for New Insight of Textiles Science and Technology: Camouflage and Electromagnetic Shielding Technologies and Applications • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Structure and electromagnetic response properties of glass-coated magnetic amorphous alloy fibers

JI Hui, XIAO Hong()   

  1. Institute of Quartermaster Engineering & Technology, Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100010, China
  • Received:2025-03-27 Revised:2025-06-14 Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-11-12
  • Contact: XIAO Hong E-mail:76echo@vip.sina.com

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Abstract:

Objective With the rapid advancement of wireless communication technologies, radar systems and electronic devices, the development of high-performance electromagnetic absorbing materials has become a crucial research direction in the field of functional materials. Among various absorbing material systems, the intrinsic properties of wave-absorbing agents, as the core functional component, play a decisive role in determining the overall electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the materials. Glass-coated magnetic amorphous alloy fibers (GMAFs), as a material with a special structure and multiple loss mechanisms, has gradually attracted the attention of researchers. However, the current research work on GMAFs in the field of wave absorption is limited to the basic characterization of the electromagnetic properties of composite materials.

Method Based on the analysis of the physical characteristics and electromagnetic properties of GMAFs, this paper reports the design of different configuration states, preparation of single-layer absorbing samples, and systematic studies of the physical properties of GMAFs and their electromagnetic response mechanisms under different conditions. It focuses on discussing the influence of factors such as the continuity of fibers, distribution state, line density parameters, core layer composition, structural features, and crystal state on the performance of the GMAFs. Meanwhile, by comparing and analyzing the absorbing performance of different fiber-based absorbing materials, the unique advantages of GMAFs are deeply revealed.

Results This study systematically reveals the structure-activity relationship between the electromagnetic response characteristics and physical properties of GMAFs. GMAFs integrate the superior magnetic/dielectric properties of amorphous soft magnetic alloys, their distinctive amorphous microstructure, the insulating properties of the glass coating layer, and remarkable fiber anisotropy, demonstrating multiple electromagnetic wave dissipation mechanisms that reveal broad application prospects in microwave-absorbing materials. Experimental results indicate that chopped GMAFs not only exhibit outstanding electromagnetic absorption performance, but their random distribution characteristics also impart macroscopic isotropy to the material, highlighting significant potential for engineering applications. By precisely tuning the fiber diameter and composition, the resonance peak and absorption frequency band can be effectively adjusted. Both the glass coating and the soft magnetic amorphous alloy properties contribute to optimizing impedance matching and absorption efficiency. Further investigation into the electromagnetic response characteristics of GMAFs confirms their multi-mechanism attenuation capability, establishing them as high-performance microwave absorbers suitable for absorbing structures. These findings provide a crucial research foundation for tailoring the electromagnetic properties of GMAF-based composite absorbing fabrics.

Conclusion The research indicates that orderly arranged C-GMAFs possess directional reflection characteristics and are suitable for electromagnetic shielding materials, while randomly distributed GMAFs exhibit macroscopic isotropic absorption behavior. By adjusting parameters such as fiber fineness and composition, the resonant peak and absorption frequency band can be precisely regulated, achieving tunable functionality of the material. The unique core-sheath structure of GMAFs effectively blocks electrical connections between fibers, optimizes impedance matching, and enhances loss efficiency. After annealing and crystallization of the amorphous structure, the absorption performance of GMAFs significantly declines, confirming the crucial role of the disordered atomic arrangement in amorphous state in dielectric/magnetic loss. At the same addition amount, the absorption efficiency of GMAFs surpasses that of the conventional stainless steel fibers and FeNi fibers, highlighting its lightweight advantage. With its tunable electromagnetic response characteristics and high compatibility with textile fibers, GMAFs offer the possibility of breaking through the performance limits of the conventional materials for next-generation smart textiles and electromagnetic protective textiles, and are expected to achieve engineering applications in military stealth, 5G/6G communication protection, medical electromagnetic safety, and other fields.

Key words: wave-absorbing material, glass-coated magnetic amorphous alloy fiber, absorber, electromagnetic wave absorption, electromagnetic response property, tunable function, core-sheath structure

CLC Number: 

  • TS101.3

Tab.1

Specifications and parameters of GMAFs"

编号 成分组成 纤维直径/μm 内芯直径/μm 线密度/tex
① Co72Fe5Si8B15 24.4 12.4 1.7
② Co72Fe5Si8B15 18.9 11.3 1.2
③ Co72Fe5Si8B15 25.4 16.8 2.4
④ Fe53Co24Si8B15 24.4 12.4 1.7

Tab.2

Diameters and conductivities of fibers"

纤维种类 纤维直径/μm 电导率/(106 S·m-1)
GMAFs 24.4 0.17
SSFs-1 12 1.47
SSFs-2 24.4 1.01
FeNi 30 1.35
FeNiCo 50 1.17
SCFs 7 0.05

Tab.3

Annealing parameters"

样品编号 退火温度/℃ 升温速率/(℃·h-1)
AN-GMAFs-L/F 300 300
AN-GMAFs-L/S 300 100
AN-GMAFs-H/F 500 300
AN-GMAFs-H/S 500 100

Fig.1

Preparation process diagram and physical diagram of C-GMAFs filament orderly arrangement sample"

Fig.2

Schematic diagram and physical image of GMAFs periodic arrangement sample. (a) Schematic diagram of GMAFs periodic arrangement; (b) Physical image of 30° arrangement sample; (c) Physical image of 45° arrangement sample; (d) Physical image of 90° arrangement sample"

Fig.3

Schematic diagram of fiber unordered arrangement"

Fig.4

Morphologies of C-GMAF(×400). (a) Surface morphologies of C-GMAFs before and after removing glass layer; (b)Cross-section morphology of C-GMAFs"

Fig.5

XRD patterns of C-GMAFs before and after annealing"

Fig.6

Hysteresis loops of GMAFs and NG-GMAFs"

Fig.7

Test curves of electromagnetic properties for C-GMAFs in different orientations. (a) Reflectivity curves; (b) Electromagnetic shielding curves"

Fig.8

Reflectivity curves of GMAFs samples with periodical and randomly distributed arrangements"

Fig.9

Reflectivity curves of GMAFs 8-2 samples with different line densities"

Fig.10

Reflectivity curves of Co-based and Fe-based GMAFs with different lengths"

Fig.11

Reflectivity curves of GMAFs with length of 5 mm at different area densities before and after removal of glass coating"

Tab.4

Theoretical numbers of GMAFs in samples"

NG-5-1 NG-5-3 NG-5-5 5-1 5-3 5-5
8 050 24 150 40 248 3 802 11 408 19 014

Fig.12

Test curves of GMAFs with different annealing parameters. (a) XRD curves; (b) Reflectivity curves"

Fig.13

Reflectivity curves of 5-3 samples of different types of fibers"

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