Journal of Textile Research ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (06): 68-78.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20250906601

• Textile Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Full-color-gamut blended rotor spinning based on Ostwald color solid

LI Jinjian1, XUE Yuan1,2(), CHEN Yourong2, CUI Peng3   

  1. 1 College of Textile Science and EngineeringJiangnan University, WuxiJiangsu 214122, China
    2 Zhejiang Taitan Co.Ltd., ShaoxingZhejiang 311800, China
    3 School of New Materials and Shoes & Clothing EngineeringLiming Vocational University, QuanzhouFujian 362007, China
  • Received:2025-09-18 Revised:2026-03-03 Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-08-19
  • Contact: XUE Yuan E-mail:fzxueyuan@qq.com

Abstract:

Objective To achieve color-continuous, uniformly transitioning, and full-color-gamut-covering rotor-spun blended yarns, this paper employs the Ostwald color model and leverages the characteristics of multi-channel digital color mixing to construct a full-color gamut gridded color mixing model. Integrating a three-channel digital color mixing spinning control system with its three-element regulation mechanism, we designed a full-color-gamut color mixing spinning process and carried out the spinning of blended yarns along with performance testing.

Method The work was built upon the classical Ostwald color solid model, utilizing six actual dyeing colors, i.e. red, yellow, green, cyan, blue, and magenta, along with two gray values (the highest lightness white and the lowest lightness black) to construct an 8-primary-color Ostwald color solid full-color gamut gridded color mixing model. Subsequently, all grid points within the gridded color mixing model were achieved by integrating the principles of yarn formation in three-channel CNC rotor spinning machines and the regulatory mechanisms of the three elements, corresponding spinning process parameters. A total of 176 tubes of blended yarn were spun, and yarn properties were tested using an XL-2 yarn strength tester and a USTER® TESTER 5 yarn evenness tester.

Results The 176-tube blended yarn was primarily produced by altering the color and blending ratio of the roving fed through three roving feed rollers. As the roving raw materials differed only in color, testing was conducted solely on blended yarns at varying blending proportion. The test results indicated that the spun blended yarn meets all relevant performance metrics for Grade II quality requirements specified in FZ/T 12001—2015 《Cotton Rotor Spun Grey Yarn》. As the number of primary yarns increased, both yarn strength and evenness exhibited varying degrees of decline. This is primarily due to the increased number of primary yarns and differences in draft ratios between the three feed rollers, which caused some fibers to undergo tension draft or displacement draft during the drawing process, thereby affecting yarn quality. The hairiness index H value showed no change as more primary yarns were fed, hence meeting industrial requirements. This facilitates subsequent processing, particularly enhancing the appearance and hand feel of the yarn and its woven fabric.

Conclusion This paper achieves the objective of constructing a full-color-gamut gridded color mixing model oriented towards the Ostwald color solid, based on digital color mixing using eight primary colors. Regarding the development of full-color-gamut color mixing spinning technology based on the three-channel rotor spinning mechanism, a full-color-gamut color mixing spinning process technology based on grid point sequence numbers has been developed. In practical full-color-gamut color mixing spinning applications, we have achieved the production of full-color-gamut gridded blended yarns oriented towards the Ostwald color solid, providing novel color-matching schemes and process methodologies for color mixing spinning. Future research should focus on how to adjust the arrangement sequence and draft state of fibers through modifications to the spinning processes or mechanical structures, thereby mitigating their impact on yarn structure.

Key words: Ostwald color solid, coupled color mixing, nonlinear, three-channel CNC rotor spinning, spinning process, full-color-gamut blended yarn

CLC Number: 

  • TS104.7

Fig.1

Three channel CNC rotor spinning system"

Fig.2

Three channel CNC rotor spinning mechanical system"

Fig.3

Three element regulation mechanism"

Tab.1

Color values of blended yarns (red, yellow, green)"

红等色相面 黄等色相面 绿等色相面
坐标 Lab颜色值 坐标 Lab颜色值 坐标 L*a*b颜色值
C(1,1,1) (13.23,-0.09,-0.52) C(1,1,2) (13.23,-0.09,-0.52) C(1,1,3) (13.23,-0.09,-0.52)
C(1,2,1) (16.92,9.31,1.95) C(1,2,2) (19.93,-2.16,6.63) C(1,2,3) (18.08,-4.75,1.24)
C(1,3,1) (22.46,20.67,6.09) C(1,3,2) (25.6,-3.21,12.44) C(1,3,3) (25.47,-10.08,2.31)
C(1,4,1) (23.45,23.31,7.31) C(1,4,2) (33.21,-4.27,18.85) C(1,4,3) (28.76,-13.64,3.53)
C(1,5,1) (25.16,30.01,10.77) C(1,5,2) (38,-4.61,24.87) C(1,5,3) (30.95,-17.38,4.6)
C(1,6,1) (28.29,33.45,12.61) C(1,6,2) (44.02,-4.59,31.6) C(1,6,3) (34.16,-21.11,5.91)
C(1,7,1) (31.45,39.68,16.16) C(1,7,2) (53.33,-2.59,41.83) C(1,7,3) (38.69,-27.38,8.17)
C(1,8,1) (35.99,49.88,22.67) C(1,8,2) (71.27,14.71,66.33) C(1,8,3) (43.59,-36.23,11.48)
C(2,2,1) (22.31,-0.19,-1.2) C(2,2,2) (22.31,-0.19,-1.2) C(2,2,3) (22.31,-0.19,-1.2)
C(2,3,1) (26.14,18.64,4.37) C(2,3,2) (28.31,-1.91,5.75) C(2,3,3) (32.56,-9.73,1.71)
C(2,4,1) (27.83,16.14,3.32) C(2,4,2) (34.13,-3.51,12.7) C(2,4,3) (28.56,-7.01,1.06)
C(2,5,1) (29.8,21.83,5.57) C(2,5,2) (38.47,-3.97,15.77) C(2,5,3) (34.59,-12.69,2.61)
C(2,6,1) (34.11,35.56,12.07) C(2,6,2) (45.9,-4.54,25.8) C(2,6,3) (38.87,-16.81,3.79)
C(2,7,1) (41.38,30.12,7.95) C(2,7,2) (53.29,-3.71,33.14) C(2,7,3) (42.3,-22.95,5.9)
C(2,8,1) (40.37,47.12,18.57) C(2,8,2) (69.9,4.31,54.24) C(2,8,3) (48.3,-33.16,9.59)
C(3,3,1) (29.55,-0.14,-1.63) C(3,3,2) (29.55,-0.14,-1.63) C(3,3,3) (29.55,-0.14,-1.63)
C(3,4,1) (31.44,6.03,-0.41) C(3,4,2) (32.85,-1.76,3.33) C(3,4,3) (32.77,-3.45,-0.32)
C(3,5,1) (33.03,18.03,3.47) C(3,5,2) (39.39,-3.31,10.04) C(3,5,3) (35.28,-7.08,0.53)
C(3,6,1) (35.19,22.51,5.23) C(3,6,2) (47.07,-4.29,17.98) C(3,6,3) (39.4,-10.97,1.57)
C(3,7,1) (38.12,28.98,7.85) C(3,7,2) (57.95,-3.93,30.39) C(3,7,3) (46.56,-20.79,4.61)
C(3,8,1) (44.36,43.57,14.9) C(3,8,2) (71.18,1.82,48.54) C(3,8,3) (52.12,-30.86,8.22)
C(4,4,1) (35.86,-0.13,-1.55) C(4,4,2) (35.86,-0.13,-1.55) C(4,4,3) (35.86,-0.13,-1.55)
C(4,5,1) (37.07,6.14,-0.41) C(4,5,2) (40.79,-1.93,4.5) C(4,5,3) (37.43,-3.45,-0.68)
C(4,6,1) (39.74,13.55,1.48) C(4,6,2) (47.2,-3.24,10.15) C(4,6,3) (43.12,-7.45,0.24)
C(4,7,1) (42.08,29.93,7.96) C(4,7,2) (58.51,-4.13,22.91) C(4,7,3) (49.45,-14.78,2.2)
C(4,8,1) (46.26,34.79,9.91) C(4,8,2) (71.96,0.3,44.56) C(4,8,3) (56.77,-28.48,6.95)
C(5,5,1) (42.06,-0.16,-1.68) C(5,5,2) (42.06,-0.16,-1.68) C(5,5,3) (42.06,-0.16,-1.68)
C(5,6,1) (44.51,6.71,-0.5) C(5,6,2) (47.76,-2.06,4.83) C(5,6,3) (46.8,-4.44,-0.5)
C(5,7,1) (47.78,17.24,2.28) C(5,7,2) (59.82,-3.97,16.32) C(5,7,3) (54.12,-11.85,1.25)
C(5,8,1) (49.94,30.31,7.4) C(5,8,2) (73.42,-2.2,35.07) C(5,8,3) (58.08,-21.01,4.14)
C(6,6,1) (50,-0.21,-1.71) C(6,6,2) (50,-0.21,-1.71) C(6,6,3) (50,-0.21,-1.71)
C(6,7,1) (53.35,10.1,0.22) C(6,7,2) (60.19,-2.9,9.4) C(6,7,3) (57.59,-5.49,-0.4)
C(6,8,1) (56.69,22.68,4.41) C(6,8,2) (74.59,-3.03,26.94) C(6,8,3) (62.4,-16.77,2.78)
C(7,7,1) (60.93,-0.32,-1.55) C(7,7,2) (60.93,-0.32,-1.55) C(7,7,3) (60.93,-0.32,-1.55)
C(7,8,1) (63.88,14.36,2.27) C(7,8,2) (76.05,-2.78,18.18) C(7,8,3) (66.05,-12.64,1.71)
C(8,8,1) (92.17,-0.2,2.06) C(8,8,2) (92.17,-0.2,2.06) C(8,8,3) (92.17,-0.2,2.06)

Tab.2

Spinning process parameters"

VαVβVγVz)/(m·min-1
(2.55,0,0,3.06)
(2.35,0.2,0,2.82) (2.35,0,0.2,2.82)
(2.12,0.43,0,2.55) (2.12,0.2,0.23,2.55) (2.12,0,0.43,2.55)
(1.85,0.7,0,2.22) (1.85,0.43,0.27,2.22) (1.85,0.2,0.5,2.22) (1.85,0,0.7,2.22)
(1.53,1.02,0,1.84) (1.53,0.7,0.32,1.84) (1.53,0.43,0.59,1.84) (1.53,0.2,0.82,1.84) (1.53,0,1.02,1.84)
(1.13,1.42,0,1.7) (1.13,1.02,0.4,1.36) (1.13,0.7,0.72,1.36) (1.13,0.43,0.99,1.36) (1.13,0.2,1.22,1.47) (1.13,0,1.42,1.7)
(0.64,1.91,0,2.3) (0.64,1.42,0.49,1.7) (0.64,1.02,0.89,1.22) (0.64,0.7,1.22,1.46) (0.64,0.43,1.49,1.78) (0.64,0.2,1.72,2.06) (0.64,0,1.91,2.3)
(0,2.55,0,3.06) (0,1.91,0.64,2.3) (0,1.42,1.13,1.7) (0,1.02,1.53,1.84) (0,0.7,1.85,2.22) (0,0.43,2.12,2.55) (0,0.2,2.35,2.82) (0,0,2.55,3.06)

Fig.4

Eight primary-color roving"

Fig.5

Isochromatic plane visualized chromatograms. (a) Red isochromatic plane; (b) Yellow isochromatic plane; (c) Green isochromatic plane; (d) Cyan isochromatic plane; (e) Blue isochromatic plane; (f) Magenta isochromatic plane"

Fig.6

Color wheel and grayscale axis for six primary color yarns and physical image of yarns"

Fig.7

Different isochromatic plane of yarns. (a) Red; (b) Yellow; (c) Green; (d) Cyan; (e) Blue; (f) Magenta"

Tab.3

Color values of blended yarns (cyan, blue, magenta)"

青等色相面 蓝等色相面 品红等色相面
坐标 L*a*b颜色值 坐标 L*a*b颜色值 坐标 L*a*b颜色值
C(1,1,4) (13.23,-0.09,-0.52) C(1,1,5) (13.23,-0.09,-0.52) C(1,1,6) (13.23,-0.09,-0.52)
C(1,2,4) (19.88,-1.46,-0.86) C(1,2,5) (15.82,-0.01,-4.86) C(1,2,6) (18.21,6.51,-0.84)
C(1,3,4) (25.91,-2.52,-2.86) C(1,3,5) (18.66,-0.49,-9.3) C(1,3,6) (20.6,12.07,-2.57)
C(1,4,4) (29.71,-3.93,-4.36) C(1,4,5) (21.66,-0.36,-13.95) C(1,4,6) (23.68,17.39,-3.71)
C(1,5,4) (37.98,-6.16,-6.95) C(1,5,5) (23.67,0.17,-20.49) C(1,5,6) (29.63,32.16,-3.41)
C(1,6,4) (40.64,-8.07,-9.46) C(1,6,5) (25.21,0.5,-21.72) C(1,6,6) (29.54,28.82,-4.16)
C(1,7,4) (46.97,-11.17,-14.09) C(1,7,5) (26.37,1.63,-25.57) C(1,7,6) (33.08,35.58,-3.07)
C(1,8,4) (57.11,-16.18,-28.1) C(1,8,5) (28.24,3.05,-30.53) C(1,8,6) (39,49.58,2.07)
C(2,2,4) (22.31,-0.19,-1.2) C(2,2,5) (22.31,-0.19,-1.2) C(2,2,6) (22.31,-0.19,-1.2)
C(2,3,4) (24.68,-0.8,-1.29) C(2,3,5) (23.63,-0.45,-4.62) C(2,3,6) (25.24,5.63,-1.93)
C(2,4,4) (32.48,-3.03,-3.69) C(2,4,5) (26.8,-0.52,-8.81) C(2,4,6) (27.43,12.06,-3.13)
C(2,5,4) (38.4,-4.46,-5.59) C(2,5,5) (26.52,-0.82,-10.36) C(2,5,6) (30.68,15.58,-3.95)
C(2,6,4) (43.11,-6.38,-7.83) C(2,6,5) (30.97,0.11,-20.43) C(2,6,6) (36.89,31.65,-3.59)
C(2,7,4) (50.77,-9.66,-12.25) C(2,7,5) (32.71,1.29,-24.45) C(2,7,6) (37.14,30.85,-3.87)
C(2,8,4) (60.92,-15.66,-26.53) C(2,8,5) (34.91,2.45,-28.81) C(2,8,6) (44.02,46.04,0.5)
C(3,3,4) (29.55,-0.14,-1.63) C(3,3,5) (29.55,-0.14,-1.63) C(3,3,6) (29.55,-0.14,-1.63)
C(3,4,4) (36.29,-1.38,-2.15) C(3,4,5) (31.84,-0.58,-4.87) C(3,4,6) (31.75,4.69,-2.15)
C(3,5,4) (39.04,-2.51,-3.64) C(3,5,5) (31.8,-0.59,-7.74) C(3,5,6) (34.43,9.42,-3.24)
C(3,6,4) (45.39,-4.47,-6) C(3,6,5) (36.61,-0.56,-13.68) C(3,6,6) (37.16,15.48,-4.31)
C(3,7,4) (50.5,-7.71,-9.49) C(3,7,5) (38.33,-0.23,-19.2) C(3,7,6) (40.53,26.23,-4.59)
C(3,8,4) (64.28,-15.17,-24.35) C(3,8,5) (40.04,1.22,-25.37) C(3,8,6) (48.58,42.8,-0.74)
C(4,4,4) (35.86,-0.13,-1.55) C(4,4,5) (35.86,-0.13,-1.55) C(4,4,6) (35.86,-0.13,-1.55)
C(4,5,4) (44.43,-1.54,-2.74) C(4,5,5) (38.38,-0.65,-5.73) C(4,5,6) (38.85,4.76,-2.58)
C(4,6,4) (44.37,-2.96,-4.39) C(4,6,5) (40.04,-0.68,-9.71) C(4,6,6) (41.23,10.88,-3.78)
C(4,7,4) (54.07,-6.01,-7.9) C(4,7,5) (43.42,-0.65,-15.75) C(4,7,6) (47.82,22.01,-4.92)
C(4,8,4) (68.05,-14.13,-21.8) C(4,8,5) (45.62,0.65,-23.88) C(4,8,6) (52.45,40.01,-1.76)
C(5,5,4) (42.06,-0.16,-1.68) C(5,5,5) (42.06,-0.16,-1.68) C(5,5,6) (42.06,-0.16,-1.68)
C(5,6,4) (49.05,-1.81,-2.94) C(5,6,5) (46.36,-0.73,-6.11) C(5,6,6) (46.86,5.22,-2.76)
C(5,7,4) (59,-4.85,-6.33) C(5,7,5) (47.98,-0.82,-13.38) C(5,7,6) (49.14,14.12,-4.25)
C(5,8,4) (71.49,-12.88,-18.8) C(5,8,5) (52.31,0.2,-22.62) C(5,8,6) (57.71,32.97,-3.39)
C(6,6,4) (50,-0.21,-1.71) C(6,6,5) (50,-0.21,-1.71) C(6,6,6) (50,-0.21,-1.71)
C(6,7,4) (60.5,-2.15,-3.3) C(6,7,5) (55.51,-0.88,-7.42) C(6,7,6) (55.9,8.67,-3.3)
C(6,8,4) (71.93,-9.58,-12.13) C(6,8,5) (58.02,-0.09,-20.51) C(6,8,6) (61.66,27.55,-4.03)
C(7,7,4) (60.93,-0.32,-1.55) C(7,7,5) (60.93,-0.32,-1.55) C(7,7,6) (60.93,-0.32,-1.55)
C(7,8,4) (76.05,-6.53,-7.45) C(7,8,5) (64.26,-1.2,-12.63) C(7,8,6) (65.33,16.74,-4.24)
C(8,8,4) (92.17,-0.2,2.06) C(8,8,5) (92.17,-0.2,2.06) C(8,8,6) (92.17,-0.2,2.06)

Tab.4

Performance test results for blended yarns"

基纱混合比例 纱线强度 条干均匀度 毛羽指标
平均值/
(cN·tex-1
变异系数
CV/%
不匀率
U/%
变异系数
CVm/%
H 标准差
100∶0∶0 23.14 7.76 11.08 13.95 6.08 1.32
92.3∶7.7∶0 23.94 9.13 10.55 13.22 6.03 1.30
83.3∶16.7∶0 23.72 5.82 12.58 15.96 1.82 0.63
72.7∶27.3∶0 23.48 11.46 10.75 13.62 4.58 1.13
60∶40∶0 23.04 7.62 10.36 13.11 4.01 1.02
44.4∶55.6∶0 20.92 5.64 9.80 12.38 3.22 0.87
25∶75∶0 22.76 10.06 10.56 13.17 2.79 0.78
83.3∶7.7∶9 22.78 3.70 10.51 13.29 5.46 1.22
72.7∶16.7∶10.6 21.64 4.22 12.22 15.31 4.82 1.25
60∶27.3∶12.7 20.74 8.45 9.58 12.21 4.04 1.03
44.4∶40∶15.6 20.72 6.07 9.27 11.77 3.37 0.9
25∶55.6∶19.4 20.54 8.14 10.62 13.36 2.67 0.77
72.7∶7.7∶19.6 20.44 2.83 10.69 13.41 5.39 1.26
基纱混合比例 纱线强度 条干均匀度 毛羽指标
平均值/
(cN·tex-1
变异系数
CV/%
不匀率
U/%
变异系数
CVm/%
H 标准差
坐标 L*a*b颜色值 坐标 L*ab*颜色值 坐标 L*ab*颜色值
60∶16.7∶23.3 23.00 5.82 11.37 15.16 4.68 1.18
44.4∶27.3∶28.3 21.80 5.30 13.99 17.26 4.13 1.12
25∶40∶35 24.00 7.23 9.50 11.90 3.63 1.00
60∶7.7∶32.3 21.36 3.10 9.68 12.29 5.49 1.28
44.4∶16.7∶38.9 23.68 4.94 11.26 14.30 4.82 1.20
25∶27.3∶47.7 21.76 9.89 14.09 17.40 4.12 1.10
44.4∶7.7∶47.9 23.24 10.67 9.36 11.79 5.68 1.24
25∶16.7∶58.3 21.16 10.42 12.89 16.32 5.42 1.51
25∶7.7∶67.3 20.70 8.81 13.71 16.97 5.53 1.25
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