Journal of Textile Research ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (07): 53-61.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240908501

• Fiber Materials • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Preparation and properties of polyamide 6/copolyamide eccentric sheath-core composite fibers

LIAO Mengdie1, XIAO Wangyang1, LI Hongxin1, ZHAO Man1, ZHANG Xuzhen1, WANG Xiuhua1,2()   

  1. 1 National Engineering Laboratory for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
    2 Modern Textile Technology Innovation Center (Jianhu Laboratory), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312030, China
  • Received:2024-09-30 Revised:2025-03-28 Online:2025-07-15 Published:2025-08-14
  • Contact: WANG Xiuhua E-mail:wxiuhua@126.com

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Abstract:

Objective In order to expand the application field of polyamide fiber, polyamide 6/copolyamide eccentric sheath-core composite fiber composed of polyamide 6 (PA6) and copolyamide (COPA) was developed. This composite fiber combines the excellent mechanical properties, dyeing performance and wear resistance of polyamide fiber with the excellent crimp elasticity and soft handfeeling of the composite fiber. The influence of the drafting and heat-setting processes on the properties of the composite fibers was investigated, aiming to provide valuable insights for the development and application of polyamide-based composite fibers.

Method The PA6/COPA eccentric sheath-core composite pre-oriented yarn (POY) was successfully produced using melt spin-ning technology, employing PA6 and COPA as raw materials through a customized spinneret. Subsequently, the as-spun fiber was drafted and heat-set using specialized drafting equipment in the laboratory. The crystallization, orientation, mechanical, shrinkage, and crimp characteristics of the composite fibers, subjected to various draft multiples, were tested and analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry, a two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray diffractometer, a sound velocity orientation instrument, and an electronic single yarn strength tester.

Results The influence of draft ratio on the structure and properties of PA6/COPA eccentric sheath-core composite fibers was investigated by varying the draft ratio. The results indicated that when the heat setting temperature was 160 ℃, the crystallinity and orientation degree of the PA6/COPA eccentric sheath-core composite fibers increased with the increase of draft ratio from 1.10 to 1.30. The breaking strength increased from 3.67 cN/dtex to 4.63 cN/dtex, while the elongation at break decreased from 56.44% to 38.46%. When the heat treatment temperature is constant, the dry heat shrinkage and wet heat shrinkage of the composite fibers increased with the increase of the draft ratio. When the drafting ratio was constant, the dry heat shrinkage and wet heat shrinkage of the composite fibers increased with the heat treatment temperature. After heat treatment at 120 ℃, the composite fibers exhibited excellent crimp morphology. When the draft ratio was increased from 1.10 to 1.30, the crimp number of the composite fibers was risen from 14 curls/(25 mm) to 21 curls/(25 mm), the crimp rate was increased from 11.36% to 13.81%, and the crimp elasticity was improved from 83.32% to 88.52%.

Conclusion With the increase in draft ratio, the mechanical strength and crimp shrinkage of PA6/COPA eccentric sheath-core composite fibers are improved significantly. When the heat treatment temperature is 100 ℃, the shrinkage difference between the two components of the composite fiber is small, preventing the formation of self-crimping. As the temperature increases from 100 ℃ to 120 ℃, the composite fiber develops a complete and distinct crimp morphology. Thus, increasing the heat treatment temperature facilitates the crimp formation in composite fibers. The study provides a reference for expanding the application of polyamide in self-crimping composite fibers.

Key words: polyamide 6, copolyamide, eccentric skin-core composite, drafting, crystallization, orientation, shrinkage performance

CLC Number: 

  • TS102.6

Fig.1

Spinning process flow diagram of PA6/COPA eccentric sheath-core composite pre-oriented yarn (POY)"

Tab.1

Composite spinning process parameters and POY properties"

材料 干燥温度/℃ 干燥时间/h 螺杆温度/℃ POY线密度 断裂强度/(cN·dtex-1) 断裂伸长率/%
PA6 100 16 240/253/253/253 32 dtex(24 f) 3.1 73.26
COPA 90 24 260/282/282/280

Fig.2

Flow diagram of laboratory small draft heat setting"

Fig.3

Cross-section morphology of PA 6/COPA eccentric sheath-core composite fiber"

Fig.4

DSC curves of PA6/COPA eccentric sheath-core composite fibers with different draft ratios"

Tab.2

DSC test data of each component of PA6/COPA composite fibers with different draft ratios"

牵伸
倍数		 COPA PA6
熔融焓/
(J·g-1)		 结晶度/% 熔融焓/
(J·g-1)		 结晶度/%
1.00 22.93 21.95 21.89 25.60
1.10 24.06 23.03 22.95 26.84
1.15 25.18 24.09 23.86 27.91
1.20 26.23 25.11 24.44 28.58
1.25 27.40 26.22 25.60 29.93
1.30 28.49 27.27 27.41 32.07

Fig.5

X-ray diffraction curves of PA6/COPA eccentric sheath-core composite fibers with different draft ratios"

Fig.6

Two-dimensional X-ray diffraction patterns of PA6/COPA eccentric sheath-core composite fibers with different draft ratios"

Fig.7

One-dimensional X-ray orientation diffraction curves of PA6/COPA eccentric sheath-core composite fibers with different draft ratios"

Fig.8

Peak width at half height and orientation degree of PA6/COPA eccentric sheath-core composite fibers with different draft ratios"

Fig.9

Stress-strain curves of PA6/COPA eccentric sheath-core composite fibers with different draft ratios"

Tab.3

Mechanical properties of PA6/COPA eccentric sheath-core composite fibers with different draft ratios"

牵伸
倍数		 线密度/
dtex		 断裂强度/
(cN·dtex-1)		 断裂
伸长率/%
1.00 32.02 3.02 74.43
1.10 28.12 3.67 56.44
1.15 26.81 3.81 49.18
1.20 26.13 3.94 45.13
1.25 25.31 4.06 40.11
1.30 24.12 4.63 38.46

Fig.10

Shrinkage versus temperature curves of PA6/COPA eccentric sheath-core composite fibers with different draft ratios"

Fig.11

Boiling water shrinkage curves of PA6/COPA eccentric sheath-core composite fibers with different draft ratios"

Fig.12

Crimp morphologies of PA6/COPA eccentric sheath-core composite fibers with different draft ratios at different heat treatment temperatures"

Tab.4

Crimping properties of PA6/COPA eccentric sheath-core composite fibers with different draft ratios"

牵伸倍数 卷曲数/
(个·(25 mm)-1)		 卷曲率/% 卷曲
弹性率/%
1.00 9 8.52 73.33
1.10 14 11.36 83.32
1.15 17 11.85 85.30
1.20 18 12.17 86.57
1.25 20 13.31 87.81
1.30 21 13.81 88.52
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