Journal of Textile Research ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (12): 39-48.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20250601602

• Academic Salon Column for New Insight of Textile Science and Technology: Fiber-based Functional Filtration Materials • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Recent advances in fibrous separation membranes for functional modification and applications

LIU Qingqing1,2, MAO Xiaohui1, YAO Yan1, SUN Ying1, CHEN Yu1, ZHANG Xiaozhe1, ZHU Liping1,2(), WANG Xuefen1   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    2. Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, Fujian 362801, China
  • Received:2025-06-09 Revised:2025-09-12 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2026-02-06
  • Contact: ZHU Liping E-mail:zhulp@dhu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Significance Fibrous separation membranes serve as highly efficient, low-energy separation materials characterized by a porous network structure, which affords higher porosity and specific surface area than homogeneous membranes. Consequently, it is widely used in dye adsorption, oil-water separation, protein separation, and so on. However, these fibrous separation membranes encounter bottlenecks including poor chemical corrosion resistance and insufficient antifouling properties, hindering their ability to meet diverse demands under complex operating conditions. Functional modification has become a major research thrust aiming at addressing these performance constraints. Surface chemical modification techniques - including the grafting of hydrophilic/hydrophobic groups and charge modulation - allow for precise control over the interfacial properties of the membrane. These approaches not only enhance chemical corrosion resistance but also confer superwetting characteristics and improved antifouling performance. Concurrently, surface roughness has demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing antifouling properties, separation selectivity, and flux.

Progress Functional modification of fibrous separation membranes via tailored surface chemistry and roughness significantly improves their separation efficiency, selectivity, and antifouling properties, thereby broadening their applicability. Precise adjustment of surface hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and charge characteristics further enhances the separation performance. Superhydrophilic modification enhances water affinity to improve anti-fouling properties through establishing a stable hydration layer utilizing hydrophilic materials such as polydopamine, tannic acid, or acrylic acid, which acts as a physical barrier to prevent pollutant adhesion. Furthermore, chemical grafting of charged functional groups (—NH2, —COOH, —SO2H) converts intrinsically non-charged systems into charged systems, enabling efficient electrostatic separation of charged species like proteins, dyes, or metal ions. Surface roughness engineering, typically implemented via techniques including electro-assisted chemical deposition, spray coating, and dip coating, involves constructing micro/nanostructures on fibrous membrane surfaces to optimize physicochemical properties and functional characteristics. For instance, controlled crystal growth on cellulose membrane surfaces creates roughness that increases hydrophobicity, facilitating effective separation of diverse oil/water mixtures. Surface roughness modification can also be realized by altering internal micro/nanostructures within the membrane. Engineering surface roughness to impart specific wettability characteristics proves crucial for developing high-performance separation materials, as this approach not only enhances separation selectivity but also effectively addresses permeability constraints to improve separation efficiency. The combined implementation of surface chemical modifications and roughness engineering further enhances the separation capabilities of fibrous membranes while introducing multifunctionality, effectively meeting diverse application requirements such as dye adsorption, oil/water separation, and protein separation.

Conclusion and Prospect This review systematically examines functional modification strategies for fibrous separation membranes. Chemical modification enables precise regulation of membrane surface hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity and charge characteristics, significantly enhancing separation performance while concurrently imparting anti-fouling functionality. As complements, surface roughness engineering confers specialized wetting properties that effectively improve anti-fouling capability, separation selectivity, and flux performance. Through methodical exploration, substantial performance enhancements have been achieved in critical application domains including dye adsorption, oil/water separation, and protein separation. The review suggests that focuses of future research should be placed on (i) the development of stimuli-responsive materials for adaptive interfaces that dynamically alter surface morphology or chemistry under external stimuli to enhance anti-fouling performance, environmental adaptability, and self-cleaning while reducing cleaning frequency and energy consumption; and (ii) integration of artificial intelligence, such as machine learning and deep learning, to predict membrane properties and optimize structure-performance relationships, enabling precise design of high-efficiency separation membranes.

Key words: fibrous separation membrane, functional modification, chemical property regulation, physical structure regulation, dye adsorption, oil-water separation, protein separation

CLC Number: 

  • TQ051.893

Fig.1

Schematic diagram of surface chemical modification strategies and preparation processes. (a) Grafting of hydrophilic acrylic acid by low-temperature plasma-induced liquid-phase grafting; (b) Loading of polyhydroxyphenolic resin by surface coating method; (c) Grafting of hydrophobic long-chain N-octadecanethiols by click chemistry; (d) Modification of glass fiber separation membrane by in-situ crosslinking method"

Fig.2

Schematic of surface roughness modification. (a) Modulation of surface roughness by altering surface structure; (b) Modulation of surface roughness by altering micro/nano structure within membrane"

Fig.3

Application and mechanism schematic of fibrous membrane in dye absorption. (a) Efficient adsorption through multiple adsorption mechanism; (b) Efficient adsorption by fibers with groove banding structure"

Fig.4

Application and mechanism schematic of fibrous membrane in oil-water separation field. (a) Separation process of water-in-oil emulsions; (b) Interaction of oil-in-water emulsions with membrane surface during separation; (c) pH/temperature responsive separation"

Tab.1

Effect of different modification methods on performance of fibrous separation membranes"

改性方式 接触角/(°) 电荷 分离效果 应用 文献
接枝 — 不带电→带正电 对甲基橙的吸附量为70.80 mg/g 染料吸附 [29]
共混 — 不带电→带负电 高效吸附孔雀石绿(735.77 mg/g)、亚甲基蓝(429.31 mg/g)
和结晶紫(607.21 mg/g)		 染料吸附 [33]
接枝 137.4~5.8 — 分离通量由1 390 L/(m2·h)升至6 460 L/(m2·h),
分离效率>99.8%		 油水分离 [16]
去模板法 122.4~0 — 分离通量由995 L/(m2·h)升至1 624 L/(m2·h),
分离效率>95%		 油水分离 [27]
接枝 — 不带电→带负电 可分离BSA/溶菌酶 蛋白分离 [47]
官能化反应 — 不带电→带负电 有效分离BSA/Hb 蛋白分离 [48]

Fig.5

Application and mechanism schematic of fibrous membrane in protein separation. (a) Protein adsorption mechanism through electrostatic interaction; (b) Protein A/G modified membrane specific adsorption of immunoglobulin G;(c) Protein separation through size sieving"

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