Abstract:

Objective Intelligent production of woven fabrics is one of the core directions of the transformation and upgrading of the textile industry. To improve the efficiency of woven fabric design, this paper proposes a simple and efficient parametric design method for woven fabrics. This method uses intuitive mathematical parameters to represent key parameters in the woven fabric design process and presents them through an easy-to-use interactive interface. A yarn-level modeling and simulation algorithm is also proposed to enable real-time preview of simulation results during parametric design.

Method Firstly, the free modeling of tubular yarn model is realized through interactive design of cross-sectional geometry and derived universal three-dimensional transformation relationship. On this basis, a parametric multi-ply twisted yarn model is constructed with hairiness characteristics added. The twist is controlled by the ratio of pitch to yarn radius, and the hairiness density is controlled by the number of hairiness breakpoints and offset coefficient. Then, an interactive weave design paper interface is designed to describe and edit the fabric structure, and parametric control is implemented by the number of warp yarn cycles, the number of weft yarn cycles and the cycle unit. The ratio of yarn width and yarn gap is used to express the fabric porosity. A fabric modeling algorithm using these parameters is proposed, and an interactive design module is developed.

Results On the one hand, different yarn modeling methods can present simulation effects with different appearances. The surface of tubular yarns looks smoother, and multi-strand yarns show more yarn details. The simulated structure of the runway-shaped yarn (approximated by a rectangular shape) produces a smoother surface, and the structure composed of yarns with an elliptical cross-section exhibits a noticeable difference in color at the yarn seams due to the large curvature variation. For the multi-strand yarn model, twist and hairiness are two very important simulation parameters. It is found that higher the twist leads to tighter and stiffer yarns, as for real yarns. The results also show that fabric strength and hairiness density are proportional to surface roughness. Research shows that fabric structure and porosity affect the fabric simulation effect. Different structures have a significant impact on the appearance of the fabric resulting in different simulation textures. Fabric porosity is derived from the yarn thickness and yarn spacing. The porosity of a fabric is characterized by the ratio of yarn thickness and yarn spacing. Simulation results using a twill weave structure show that the lower the porosity, the tighter the yarn arrangement and the smoother the illumination; this relationship is strongly correlated with the fabric's structure. Based on the implementation of these modeling and simulation algorithms and the introduction of parametric design, a lightweight woven fabric design module was developed. This interactive interface utilizes a grid-based interface to design the structure, color, and appearance, enabling real-time simulation and rendering. This parametric design approach offers the advantages of simplicity and efficiency. The resulting design module is easy to use, exhibits a strong sense of realism in simulation results, and exhibits good portability.

Conclusion This paper introduces parametric design into woven fabric design and establishes a yarn-level three-dimensional fabric model to improve the realism of the simulation effect. In addition to design efficiency, the portability of design tools is also of great significance for the intelligent production of woven fabrics, and modular tools are also highly scalable. Yarn-level woven fabric simulation can reflect rich model details and is more realistic. Woven fabrics with different organizational structures reflect different textures. Through the combination of parameters in different dimensions, various real materials can be simulated to produce highly realistic visual effects. This is of great significance to fields such as clothing CAD and realistic rendering, and can be used as another choice for the physical material of woven fabric models. The portability of the design method in this paper can bring a broad application space.

Key words: woven fabric, parametric design, yarn model, fabric 3-D modeling, fabric rendering