牢固结合的多层纳米纤维复合材料的制备及其过滤性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20220305201

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提升纳米纤维复合过滤材料的过滤效率及膜层间的结合力,通过静电纺丝技术在工业过滤织物上纺制低熔点聚合物纤维和聚酰胺6(PA6)纳米纤维,再与玻璃纤维进行热压成形制备出一种结合牢固的多层纳米纤维复合材料,并研究了其过滤性能,同时通过建立拉力测试法研究了复合材料的层间结合强度。结果表明:复合材料的过滤效率随着PA6纳米纤维膜面密度和聚苯乙烯(PS)微球水溶液起始浊度值的增加而增高,当PA6纳米纤维膜面密度为2.5 g/m²时,该复合材料对直径为1 μm的PS微球的过滤效率可达98.9%;复合材料层间结合力随着低熔点聚合物纤维平均直径的增加而增大,当采用茂金属线性低密度聚乙烯纤维时,其结合力可达8.2 N/cm²。

关键词: 静电纺丝, 纳米纤维, 聚酰胺6, 聚苯乙烯, 茂金属线性低密度聚乙烯, 多层纳米复合材料, 过滤效率

Abstract:

Objective At present, the development of water treatment technology is a global task,because of the water pollution and the shortage of pure water faced by mankind. In consideration of its superior performance, nanofiber composite filtering materials are widely used to efficiently filter micron sized particulate pollutants in sewage. However, how to increase the filtering efficiency and the adhesion between nanofiber layers and how to evaluate the adhesion are crucial. Therefore, this work is set out to prepare the multilayer materials with high filtering efficiency and adhesion between nanofiber layers and to set up test method for the adhesion.

Method In this work, a firmly bonded multilayer nanofiber composites was prepared by putting five types of low melting point polymer fibers, which are polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyvinylidene difluoride(PVDF), polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA), metallocene linear low density polyethylene(mLLDPE), together with polyamide 6 (PA6) nanofibers on industrial filter fabrics through eletrospun technology pressed with glass fiber at a designed temperature. Meanwhile, a tensile test method was established to measure the bonding strength of multilayer nanocomposites. The effects of the content of PA6 nanofibers of the materials and initial turbidity value of PS microspheres with a diameter of 1μm solution on the filtration efficiency and filtration flux were also studied.

Results The low melting point polymer fibers containing PEO, PVDF, PS, PMMA and mLLDPE were made to have different fiber diameters, which are 0.27, 0.36, 0.42, 1.29 and 35.31 μm, respectively(Tab. 1). The multilayer nanocomposite material was successfully prepared by hot pressing the industrial filter cloth spun with low melting point polymer fiber and glass fiber, and the adhesion between nanofiber layers of the multilayer nanocomposite material was significantly improved compared with the common sandwich materials, increasing from 2.6 N/cm² to 8.2 N/cm². When the concentration of PS microsphere suspension with a diameter of 1 μm was 80 NTU, the filtration efficiency of multilayer nanofiber composite materials enhances with the increase of the surface density of the PA6 nanofibers(Fig. 5). When the surface density of PA6 nanofibers was constant, the filtration efficiency of the multilayer nanofiber composite materials increaseds with the increase of initial turbidity value of PS microspheres solution, and the filtration efficiency was up to 97.75%. When the initial turbidity of the solution was 160 NTU and the PA6 nanofiber membrane density was 2.5 g/m², the filtration efficiency of materials on PS microspheres with a diameter of 1μm reached 98.9%, the flux recovery rate was 76.3%, and the interception rate reached above 98%(Tab. 2). With the increase of the surface density of the PA6 nanofiber, the filtration flux of the material to PS microsphere filtrate gradually decreased (Fig. 6). Moreover, a tensile test method was designed to measure the adhesion between nanofiber layers of the multilayer nanocomposite material(Fig. 2).

Conclusion In conclusion, after the addition of low melting point polymer fiber, a firmly bonded multilayer nanofiber composite was prepared, and a test method for the adhesion of nanofiber composite was established. The multilayer nanofiber composite was found to have high interlayer adhesion, which is significantly higher than the common sandwich purification material, and the composite has good filtration performance for PS microspheres with a diameter of 1 μm. It would have broad application prospects in the field of sewage filtration.

Key words: electrospinning, nanofiber, polyamide 6, polystyrene, metallocene linear low density polyethylene, multilayer nanocomposite, filtration efficiency

中图分类号:

TS101

安雪, 刘太奇, 李言, 赵小龙. 牢固结合的多层纳米纤维复合材料的制备及其过滤性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2023, 44(08): 50-56.

AN Xue, LIU Taiqi, LI Yan, ZHAO Xiaolong. Preparation and filtration properties of firmly bonded multi-layer nanocomposite material[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(08): 50-56.

图/表 7

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图2

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图6

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