印刷技术在电子纺织品制造中的应用研究进展

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20241207502

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为促进印刷技术在电子纺织品制造领域的应用与发展,综述了近年来印刷加工关键技术及其在电子纺织品制造中的应用。简要概括了电子纺织品的发展历程和制造方法;重点分析了柔性电子印刷加工的关键技术,主要包括墨水材料、印刷工艺以及柔性混合电子集成路径,并阐述了基于丝网印刷和喷墨打印制备电子纺织品的研究进展;总结了电子纺织品未来的发展趋势,并基于现有的技术和应用现状,指出了当前印刷加工中存在的问题。分析认为,未来的研究应从提升墨水材料的可靠性和稳定性、革新印刷技术与工艺设备、完善印刷加工标准化管理体系等方面进一步推动印刷加工在电子纺织品制造领域的应用,使以纺织品为载体的柔性电子展现出更大价值。

关键词: 印刷技术, 电子纺织品, 柔性电子, 柔性混合电子集成路径, 导电墨水, 喷墨打印, 丝网印刷

Abstract:

Significance The demand for comfort, nice appearance, and portability in smart products continues to grow as time goes on. Electronic textiles, because of their inherent ability to seamlessly integrate electronics, are gradually becoming a focal point in both research and industry. The widespread adoption of green and sustainable development principles has spurred the rapid growth of low-pollution printing technologies in the field of flexible electronics manufacturing. Compared to conventional printed circuit board manufacturing, printing processes eliminate the need for high-temperature procedures, thereby reducing corrosion-related pollution, conserving energy, and lowering carbon emissions. Leveraging their advantages of high efficiency, low cost, and scalability, printing technologies have opened new opportunities for electronic textile manufacturing, driving advancements in flexible electronics and smart wearable technologies.

Progress The fabrication of flexible electronics via printing technologies involves five key components. substrate materials, printable electronic materials, printing equipment, printing processes, and system design and integration. Substrate materials and printing equipment primarily rely on existing products from related fields, while the development of printable electronic materials and the optimization of printing processes are the focal points of research. Currently, ink materials mainly include metal nanoparticle-based, carbon-based, and polymer-based conductive components, with metal nanoparticle-based inks being the most widely used. Additionally, the emergence of functionally composite and environmentally friendly ink materials has further expanded the application scope and functionality of electronic printing. Printing processes are critical in determining product quality and efficiency, with commonly used methods including screen printing, inkjet printing, and roll-to-roll printing. Among these, screen printing and inkjet printing are the most prevalent. Electrohydrodynamic inkjet printing, because of its compatibility with a variety of functional materials, is considered a promising candidate to replace traditional technologies. In terms of system design and integration, the flexible hybrid electronics printing approach enables direct integration of electronic systems onto substrate materials without the need for separate fabrication and subsequent attachment. This technology provides effective support for the industrialization of flexible electronics.

Conclusion and Prospect In the future, the development of printed electronic textiles will hinge on the advancement of novel printable electronic materials, while enhancing printing precision and production efficiency remains a primary focus of technological progress. The application of eco-friendly materials and low-pollution production processes has become a hotspot, and designing portable wearable devices and smart clothing tailored to user needs represents a growing market trend. Despite the significant advantages of printing technologies in the field of electronic textiles, several challenges persist, which include (1) reliability and stability of ink materials, where the existing inks struggle to maintain consistency over extended periods, and different printing technologies impose varying requirements on ink properties, calling for development of more adaptable inks; (2) cost and technical limitations of mass production equipment, in which low-cost screen printing lacks sufficient precision while the high-precision technologies such as inkjet printing involve high equipment and consumable costs, along with complex setup and maintenance, posing barriers for small enterprises adopting advanced technologies; and (3) demand for standardization and quality certification, in which the market's need for standardized management is increasingly pressing, calling for enterprises to establish and refine standardized systems to enhance product quality and competitiveness, ensuring consistency and reliability.

Key words: printing technology, e-textiles, flexible electronics, flexible hybrid electronics printing approach, conductive inks, inkjet printing, screen printing

中图分类号:

TS941

张楠, 鲁虹. 印刷技术在电子纺织品制造中的应用研究进展[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(07): 244-252.

ZHANG Nan, LU Hong. Application progress in electronic textile manufacturing based on printing technology[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(07): 244-252.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20241207502

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I07/244

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印刷方法	特点	适用范围
丝网印刷^[26]	低成本、易操作、高效率	常规图案、多种基料、大面积
喷墨打印^[9]	低成本、高精度、高通量	精细图案、多种基料、大规模/小批量
柔版印刷^[27]	少耗墨、高速度、高质量	精细图案、高韧性柔性材料、大批量
凹版印刷^[28]	高成本、高质量、高速度	复杂图案、高韧性柔性基料、大面积
胶版印刷^[29]	低成本制版、易操作、低速度、高质量	精细图案、高韧性柔性基料、小面积、小批量
圆网印刷^[30]	低成本、高效率、高套印精度	无缝连续图案、高韧性柔性基料、大规模