玻璃包覆磁性非晶态合金纤维的结构与电磁响应特性

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20250306301

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提升电磁波吸收材料的综合性能,满足复杂电磁环境中防护需求,利用玻璃包覆磁性非晶态合金纤维(GMAFs)的优异磁/介电性能、无定形结构特征,以及纤维强各向异性等优势,设计了不同结构参数的单层样品。表征了GMAFs物理性能参数,分析其在不同条件下的电磁响应特性,阐明了其吸波材料的损耗机制。结果表明:连续的GMAFs具有明显的方向性,适合做电磁屏蔽材料,而短切应用的GMAFs不仅具备优异吸波性能,其无序分布还赋予材料宏观各向同性,具有重要科研和工程价值;GMAFs的非晶软磁合金状态和皮芯结构可显著提升材料的电磁损耗特性,增强吸波性能;同时,通过精确调控纤维线密度、成分等参数以及包覆层特性可有效调节材料电磁谐振行为,为开发可调谐吸波材料提供新思路。得益于其特殊的制备工艺和结构特征,基于GMAFs的复合材料展现出显著的应用潜力,有望为新一代高性能微波吸收器的开发提供创新解决方案。

关键词: 吸波材料, 玻璃包覆磁性非晶合金纤维, 吸波剂, 电磁波吸收, 电磁响应特性, 可调谐功能, 皮芯结构

Abstract:

Objective With the rapid advancement of wireless communication technologies, radar systems and electronic devices, the development of high-performance electromagnetic absorbing materials has become a crucial research direction in the field of functional materials. Among various absorbing material systems, the intrinsic properties of wave-absorbing agents, as the core functional component, play a decisive role in determining the overall electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the materials. Glass-coated magnetic amorphous alloy fibers (GMAFs), as a material with a special structure and multiple loss mechanisms, has gradually attracted the attention of researchers. However, the current research work on GMAFs in the field of wave absorption is limited to the basic characterization of the electromagnetic properties of composite materials.

Method Based on the analysis of the physical characteristics and electromagnetic properties of GMAFs, this paper reports the design of different configuration states, preparation of single-layer absorbing samples, and systematic studies of the physical properties of GMAFs and their electromagnetic response mechanisms under different conditions. It focuses on discussing the influence of factors such as the continuity of fibers, distribution state, line density parameters, core layer composition, structural features, and crystal state on the performance of the GMAFs. Meanwhile, by comparing and analyzing the absorbing performance of different fiber-based absorbing materials, the unique advantages of GMAFs are deeply revealed.

Results This study systematically reveals the structure-activity relationship between the electromagnetic response characteristics and physical properties of GMAFs. GMAFs integrate the superior magnetic/dielectric properties of amorphous soft magnetic alloys, their distinctive amorphous microstructure, the insulating properties of the glass coating layer, and remarkable fiber anisotropy, demonstrating multiple electromagnetic wave dissipation mechanisms that reveal broad application prospects in microwave-absorbing materials. Experimental results indicate that chopped GMAFs not only exhibit outstanding electromagnetic absorption performance, but their random distribution characteristics also impart macroscopic isotropy to the material, highlighting significant potential for engineering applications. By precisely tuning the fiber diameter and composition, the resonance peak and absorption frequency band can be effectively adjusted. Both the glass coating and the soft magnetic amorphous alloy properties contribute to optimizing impedance matching and absorption efficiency. Further investigation into the electromagnetic response characteristics of GMAFs confirms their multi-mechanism attenuation capability, establishing them as high-performance microwave absorbers suitable for absorbing structures. These findings provide a crucial research foundation for tailoring the electromagnetic properties of GMAF-based composite absorbing fabrics.

Conclusion The research indicates that orderly arranged C-GMAFs possess directional reflection characteristics and are suitable for electromagnetic shielding materials, while randomly distributed GMAFs exhibit macroscopic isotropic absorption behavior. By adjusting parameters such as fiber fineness and composition, the resonant peak and absorption frequency band can be precisely regulated, achieving tunable functionality of the material. The unique core-sheath structure of GMAFs effectively blocks electrical connections between fibers, optimizes impedance matching, and enhances loss efficiency. After annealing and crystallization of the amorphous structure, the absorption performance of GMAFs significantly declines, confirming the crucial role of the disordered atomic arrangement in amorphous state in dielectric/magnetic loss. At the same addition amount, the absorption efficiency of GMAFs surpasses that of the conventional stainless steel fibers and FeNi fibers, highlighting its lightweight advantage. With its tunable electromagnetic response characteristics and high compatibility with textile fibers, GMAFs offer the possibility of breaking through the performance limits of the conventional materials for next-generation smart textiles and electromagnetic protective textiles, and are expected to achieve engineering applications in military stealth, 5G/6G communication protection, medical electromagnetic safety, and other fields.

Key words: wave-absorbing material, glass-coated magnetic amorphous alloy fiber, absorber, electromagnetic wave absorption, electromagnetic response property, tunable function, core-sheath structure

中图分类号:

TS101.3

季惠, 肖红. 玻璃包覆磁性非晶态合金纤维的结构与电磁响应特性[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(09): 9-18.

JI Hui, XIAO Hong. Structure and electromagnetic response properties of glass-coated magnetic amorphous alloy fibers[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(09): 9-18.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20250306301

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I09/9

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编号	成分组成	纤维直径/μm	内芯直径/μm	线密度/tex
①	Co₇₂Fe₅Si₈B₁₅	24.4	12.4	1.7
②	Co₇₂Fe₅Si₈B₁₅	18.9	11.3	1.2
③	Co₇₂Fe₅Si₈B₁₅	25.4	16.8	2.4
④	Fe₅₃Co₂₄Si₈B₁₅	24.4	12.4	1.7

纤维种类	纤维直径/μm	电导率/(10⁶ S·m^-1)
GMAFs	24.4	0.17
SSFs-1	12	1.47
SSFs-2	24.4	1.01
FeNi	30	1.35
FeNiCo	50	1.17
SCFs	7	0.05

样品编号	退火温度/℃	升温速率/(℃·h^-1)
AN-GMAFs-L/F	300	300
AN-GMAFs-L/S	300	100
AN-GMAFs-H/F	500	300
AN-GMAFs-H/S	500	100