纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (09): 250-257.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20241105302

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

挥发性有机化合物吸附用微/纳米活性碳纤维研究进展

杜菁, 周安琪, 石颖欣, 王悦, 刘其霞, 单浩如, 于彩娇, 葛建龙()   

  1. 南通大学 纺织服装学院, 江苏 南通 226019
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-23 修回日期:2025-05-26 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-11-12
  • 通讯作者: 葛建龙(1988—),男,教授,博士。研究方向为功能性微/纳米活性碳纤维材料。E-mail:gejianlong@ntu.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:杜菁(2000—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为挥发性有机化合物吸附用微/纳米复合活性碳纤维材料。
  • 基金资助:
    南通市自然科学基金面上项目(JC2024092);国家自然科学基金青年项目(52003125);国家自然科学基金青年项目(22408181);江苏省科技厅基础研究计划(自然科学基金)青年基金项目(BK20200968)

Research progress in activated micro/nano-carbon fibers for adsorption of volatile organic compounds

DU Jing, ZHOU Anqi, SHI Yingxin, WANG Yue, LIU Qixia, SHAN Haoru, YU Caijiao, GE Jianlong()   

  1. School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
  • Received:2024-11-23 Revised:2025-05-26 Published:2025-09-15 Online:2025-11-12

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摘要：

针对吸附法治理挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)污染迫切需求新型高效吸附分离材料的问题,活性碳纤维因具有比表面积大、孔道短直、结构稳定且易于使用等特点,成为VOCs吸附应用领域的研究热点。为能更好地了解当前VOCs吸附用活性碳纤维的发展现状,综述了现有微/纳米活性碳纤维在VOCs吸附应用方面的研究工作;重点介绍了不同聚合物前驱体微/纳米活性碳纤维的制备方法、结构特点及其应用性能;总结了现有微/纳米活性碳纤维在VOCs吸附应用中的优势和不足,并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望;认为需要结合前驱体纤维优选、开发低结构损伤改性/活化方法、加深吸附机制等方面的研究来进一步提高所得微/纳米活性碳纤维的综合应用性能。

关键词: 挥发性有机化合物, 吸附分离, 多孔碳材料, 活性碳纤维, 纳米碳纤维

Abstract:

Significance Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are organic compounds with a lower boiling point, typically existing in the atmosphere in the form of vapour. In recent years, the rapid development of petrochemical, transportation, construction, interior decoration and other industries has resulted in the emission of a significant quantity of toxic and harmful VOCs into the atmosphere. These VOCs have been identified as a source of environmental contamination and are also known to have adverse effects on human health. Therefore, the control of VOCs pollution represents a crucial aspect of environmental protection, particularly in terms of safeguarding human health and the natural environment. Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) are promising adsorbents for the treatment of VOCs pollutions owing to their advantages of high surface area, including shallow pores, and good flexibility for the textile engineering. Up to now, some advanced ACFs, including micro ACFs and nano ACFs have been developed for VOCs adsorption. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the development status of ACFs for VOCs adsorption, this paper presents a systematic investigation of the application field of micro/nano ACFs in VOCs adsorption, which is seldomly reported before.

Progress In order to achieve a greater effect in the removal of VOCs, both micro and nano ACFs are being developed with an increased specific surface area, greater adsorption capacity, a faster adsorption rate and a competitive adsorption priority by adopting porous carbon materials. Typically, the fabrication process of ACFs includes preparation of organic precursor fibers, stabilization of precursor fibers, carbonization and activation. The organic precursors most commonly used for the preparation of ACFs include cellulose, pitch, polyacrylonitrile, and phenolic resin. The physical and chemical structures of ACFs prepared by different precursors are distinct. In order to further enhance the adsorption capabilities of ACFs, it is essential to meticulously regulate the morphology, pore structure, and surface physical/chemical properties of ACFs. The influence of the properties of organic precursor fibers, techniques of carbonization and activation, and the functionalization strategies are crucial for the improvement of the VOCs adsorption performance of ACFs, which were summarized and preliminary discussed.

Conclusion and Prospect Micro/nano ACFs, as an emerging type of porous carbon adsorption materials, have shown broad application prospects in the field of VOCs adsorption and separation. This review summarizes the research progress of micro/nano ACFs for VOCs adsorption, and analyzes the effects of different precursor polymer types, carbonization and activation processes on the physicochemical structure and VOCs adsorption performance of ACFs. The results indicate that the existing ACFs for VOCs adsorption are usually prepared from polymeric fibers rich in carbon elements as precursors by carbonization and activation. The organic precursors for micro ACFs are usually cellulose fibers, pitch fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, and phenolic resin fibers, and the precursors of nano ACFs are mainly polymeric nanofibers prepared from polyacrylonitrile, phenolic resin fibers, and some other mixed polymers by electrospinning. In addition, according to application requirements, effective control over the specific surface area, pore structure (pore size, pore volume, pore shape), and surface chemical properties (nitrogen/oxygen functional group type and content) of ACFs can be achieved by changing the precursor fiber type and optimizing the carbonization activation process, thereby improving their adsorption performance for different types of VOCs. In future research, focusing on selecting suitable precursor polymers, developing efficient modification/activation methods, and deepening adsorption mechanism research, it is expected to develop new generation of ACFs to meet the requirement of VOCs adsorption.

Key words: volatile organic compound, adsorptive removal, porous carbon material, activated carbon fiber, carbon nanofiber

中图分类号: 

  • TQ342

图1

VOCs吸附用活性碳纤维及其前驱体聚合物"

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