新型多孔分散染料复合纳米球的合成及其性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20240901601

纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (06): 160-167.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240901601

新型多孔分散染料复合纳米球的合成及其性能

张帅¹^,², 王金坤¹^,², 房宽峻³(), 马君志¹^,², 宋焱¹^,²

1.德州学院纺织服装学院, 山东德州 253023
2.德州学院新型纤维与功能纺织品创新研究院, 山东德州 253023
3.生态纺织省部共建协同创新中心, 山东青岛 266071

收稿日期:2024-09-10 修回日期:2025-03-03 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-07-02
通讯作者: 房宽峻(1963—),男,教授,博士。主要研究方向为纺织品清洁染整技术。E-mail: 13808980221@163.com。
作者简介:张帅(1993—),男,讲师。主要研究方向为纺织品清洁染整技术。
基金资助:
山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019TSLH0108);德州学院校级人才引进项目(2024xjrc113)

Synthesis and properties of novel porous dispersed dye composite nanospheres

ZHANG Shuai¹^,², WANG Jinkun¹^,², FANG Kuanjun³(), MA Junzhi¹^,², SONG Yan¹^,²

1. College of Textile and Clothing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong 253023, China
2. Innovation Research Institute of New Fibers and Functional Textiles, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong 253023, China
3. Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province and the Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China

Received:2024-09-10 Revised:2025-03-03 Published:2025-06-15 Online:2025-07-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提升分散染料/聚合物纳米球的染料负载量,选取新型内部多孔聚合物纳米球作为载体,采用扩散染色法制备分散染料/聚合物复合纳米球,并将其应用于棉织物表面彩色疏水涂层的构建。借助透射和扫描电子显微镜、X射线元素分析仪对多孔分散染料/聚合物复合纳米球和涂层织物的形貌和结构进行表征,并通过差示扫描量热仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和接触角测量仪等分析其热性能、化学结构及疏水性。结果表明:随着甲苯溶液体积的增加,聚合物纳米球内部孔径逐渐增大,且孔隙结构趋向不均匀;同时,分散染料的负载量呈现先增大后减小的趋势,显示出与纳米球内部孔径和分布的密切关系;分散染料/聚合物复合纳米球具有良好的自固化性能,可在棉织物表面形成薄膜结构;随着喷涂层数的增加,涂层织物的颜色性能和疏水性能逐渐提升,其中水接触角最高达到139.2°,且具有较好的耐摩擦色牢度、耐日晒色牢度、透气透湿性以及耐化学试剂稳定性。

关键词: 分散染料, 多孔结构, 聚合物纳米球, 彩色涂层, 涂层织物, 固化成膜

Abstract:

Objective Disperse dye/polymer nanospheres, as an emerging class of nanopigments, exhibit superior self-curing capabilities and demonstrate broad applicability in dyeing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic textiles. To address the challenge of low dye loading capacity in conventional systems, this study reports on the synthesis of composite nanospheres using novel internally porous polymer nanospheres as carriers. These were subsequently employed to construct vibrant hydrophobic coatings on cotton fabric surfaces.

Method The morphological and physicochemical properties of porous composite nanospheres were systematically analyzed through transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectro-scopy (XPS), and differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, the surface morphology, chromatic characteristics (quantified by K/S values), and hydrophobicity (evaluated via contact angle measurements) of coated cotton fabrics were investigated to elucidate the influence of coating layer numbers on performance enhancement.

Results Analysis of porous poly(styrene-butyl acrylate-acrylic acid) (PSBA) nanospheres revealed a direct correlation between toluene volume and pore architecture. While increasing toluene volume enlarged the internal pore size, pore size uniformity deteriorated significantly when the volume exceeded 10 mL. Dye adsorption studies demonstrated that Disperse Red 60 and Blue 60 loading capacities were maximized at intermediate pore sizes, with adsorption levels inversely linked to pore structural heterogeneity. Spectroscopic characterization confirmed successful dye incorporation. Distinct FT-IR absorption bands at 3 451, 3 298, and 1 270 cm^-1 corresponded to amine, hydroxyl, and aryl ether functionalities, while XPS detected nitrogen signatures from dye molecules. Thermal analysis identified a glass transition temperature of 94.5 ℃ for disperse dye/porous poly(styrene-butyl acrylate-acrylic acid) (DPSBA) nanospheres, enabling effective film formation upon heating. Coating layer optimization studies revealed that increased spray layers enhanced film continuity on cotton fibers, with elevated curing temperatures further promoting structural consolidation. Hydrophobicity progressively improved with coating layers, achieving a maximum contact angle of 139.2°. Additionally, coated fabrics exhibited robust mechanical durability, with dry/wet rubbing fastness grades of 4-5 and 4, respectively, alongside a sunlight fastness grade of 7-8.

Conclusion This work successfully engineered internally porous disperse dye composite nanospheres and implemented ultrasonic spraying to fabricate multifunctional hydrophobic coatings on cotton textiles. The toluene volume serves as a critical modulator of PSBA nanosphere pore morphology, enabling tunable dye adsorption capacities. DPSBA nanospheres exhibit autonomous film-forming behavior, generating uniform coatings through thermal curing. The chromatic intensity and hydrophobicity scale positively with coating layers, achieving optimal performance at five-layer deposition. The resultant coatings demonstrate exceptional fastness properties, meeting practical durability requirements. This approach provides a sustainable pathway for expanding disperse dye applications in textile functionalization.

Key words: disperse dye, porous structure, polymer nanosphere, color coating, coated fabric, curable film-forming

中图分类号:

TS193

张帅, 王金坤, 房宽峻, 马君志, 宋焱. 新型多孔分散染料复合纳米球的合成及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(06): 160-167.

ZHANG Shuai, WANG Jinkun, FANG Kuanjun, MA Junzhi, SONG Yan. Synthesis and properties of novel porous dispersed dye composite nanospheres[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(06): 160-167.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20240901601

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I06/160

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层数	L^*	a^*	b^*	C^*	K/S值
0	90.71	0.06	2.20	2.20	0.03
1	72.06	35.76	-3.70	35.95	0.92
2	65.02	47.10	-1.53	47.13	2.00
3	59.07	54.31	1.25	54.32	3.64
4	56.87	56.93	3.16	57.01	4.71
5	55.52	58.21	5.05	58.43	5.39

涂层数	水接触角/(°)
0	0
1	70.4
2	122.4
3	131.5
4	134.4
5	139.2

样品名称	透气率/ (mm·s^-1)	透湿率/ (g·(m²·24 h)^-1)	柔软度
原始棉织物	526.8	7 213.8	49.3
涂层棉织物	424.6	6 131.7	42.5

新型多孔分散染料复合纳米球的合成及其性能

Synthesis and properties of novel porous dispersed dye composite nanospheres

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