纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (08): 236-244.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20250106902

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

丙纶颜色构建方法的研究进展

林科1,2, 胡万锦1, 王小凤1, 周思婕1,3, 夏良君1(), 徐卫林1   

  1. 1.武汉纺织大学 纺织新材料与先进加工全国重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430200
    2.青岛大学 纺织服装学院, 山东 青岛 266071
    3.东华大学 纺织学院, 上海 201620
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-26 修回日期:2025-02-19 出版日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2025-08-15
  • 通讯作者: 夏良君(1989—),男,特聘教授,博士。主要研究方向为纺织纤维材料颜色及功能化构建。E-mail: liangjun_xia@wtu.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:林科(1996—),男,博士生。主要研究方向为纺织纤维材料颜色构建。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省重点研发计划项目(2023CXGC010612)

Research progress in color construction of polypropylene fibers and its products

LIN Ke1,2, HU Wanjin1, WANG Xiaofeng1, ZHOU Sijie1,3, XIA Liangjun1(), XU Weilin1   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
    2. College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
    3. College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2025-01-26 Revised:2025-02-19 Published:2025-08-15 Online:2025-08-15

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摘要：

丙纶因质轻、耐磨和成本低等优良特性被广泛应用在纺织服装等行业领域中,在国民经济发展中占据着重要地位。然而,丙纶因其表面强惰性基团导致难以染色。为拓展丙纶的应用领域,促进其制品在不同领域的发展,满足其多样化的需求,综述了国内外丙纶的颜色构建方法和技术进展。重点阐述了丙纶在原液着色、非水介质染色、专用染料染色和改性染色等颜色构建方法的技术创新、基本原理和发展趋势。讨论了丙纶在颜色构建中面临的各种问题,如颜色单一和成本难以控制等,并对后续的研究方向进行了展望。通过对丙纶及其制品颜色构建方法进行综述,旨在为丙纶颜色构建技术的提升提供坚实的理论依据与应用指导,助力其在纺织领域实现更优发展。

关键词: 丙纶, 颜色构建, 原液着色, 改性丙纶, 染色, 专用染料染色, 非水介质染色

Abstract:

Significance Polypropylene (PP) is widely used in industries such as textile and clothing due to its excellent properties such as light weight, wear resistance, and low cost, and it occupies an important position in the development of the national economy. For the purpose of expanding the application fields of PP and promoting the development of its products, the demand for the color structure of PP fibers has become a crucial impetus for the development of a colorful society. Reports show that in the future, PP fibers will pervade and thrive in different fields of life for a long time, which is an indispensable part of social progress. The integrated color construction of PP fibers represents an ideal way to achieve high flexibility and adaptability. In order to clearly understand the development and application of PP fibers and break through the bottleneck of dyeing technology, this paper reviews the research progress in the fields of color structure and products of PP fibers.

Progress Based on the structural characteristics, physical and chemical properties of PP fibers, innovations have been made in aspects such as the molding process, dyeing medium, fiber modification, and dyeing process, so as to achieve color processing and construction. Based on the progress made in chemical coloring technologies such as dope dyeing, non-aqueous medium dyeing, modified dyeing, and special dye dyeing, endowing PP fibers with good color display is fundamental for color construction on the premise of maintaining the mechanical properties of PP fibers. However, many promising coloring methods have obvious limitations in industrial production. Due to the high crystallinity and high chemical inertness of PP fibers, conventional dyeing methods cannot effectively color them. Currently, dope dyeing is the most commonly used coloring method for PP fibers. This dyeing method is simple to operate and cost-effective, being suitable for industrial production. However, it has the defect of incomplete chromatography. In addition, the non-aqueous medium (supercritical carbon dioxide, scCO2) dyeing method is also a relatively commonly used coloring method for PP fibers, and its advantages lie in fast coloring speed and good coloring effect, but the relatively stringent dyeing conditions have restricted its development. Modified dyeing and special dye dyeing methods have promising prospects and can significantly improve the dyeing performance of PP fibers. However, they are still in the stage of laboratory research and face some difficulties in large-scale production.

Conclusion and Prospect PP, as a widely used polymer material, has been extensively applied in numerous fields due to its excellent physical and chemical properties. However, the difficulty in dyeing has always been a key factor restricting the expansion of its application fields. Aiming at the problem of difficult dyeing, coloring methods such as dope dyeing, non-aqueous medium dyeing, fiber-modified dyeing, and special-dye dyeing have been improved. Based on the current PP coloring technologies, the future development trends will focus on enhancing dyeing efficiency and deepening color depth performance, such as using more efficient non-aqueous dyeing systems, developing specialized dyes and exploring innovative modification process paths. Meanwhile, further theoretical research on the color construction of PP fibers is still needed. By integrating chemical structure, surface physical properties, and chemical reactivity, innovations in color formation mechanisms can be achieved. Specifically, this is done by designing dyes with higher reactivity towards PP or employing nanoparticle blending technology for PP modification to enhance dye absorption efficiency. This framework provides theoretical guidance for the rational preparation of colored PP fibers. Building upon this, the paper mainly summarizes the basic principles and research progress of the above-mentioned PP fibers, and points out the main challenges and research directions faced by this research field.

Key words: polypropylene fiber, color construction, stock solution coloring, modified polypropylene, dyeing, special dye dyeing, non-aqueous medium dyeing

中图分类号: 

  • TS193.8

表1

丙纶的专用染料染色方法"

专用染料类型 基团 染料颜色 K/S值 染料用量 染色条件 参考文献
高疏水型 长烷基链 红、黄 — 5%(o.w.f) 130 ℃染色60 min [12]~[14]
高疏水型 长烷基链 蓝 13.83 5%(o.w.f) 130 ℃染色60 min [15]
反应型 二氮丙啶 红、黄 15.10、20.40 3 g/L 70 ℃染色60 min后150 ℃固色50 min [16]
反应型 二氮丙啶 红、黄、蓝 5.20、4.40、4.80 5%(o.w.f) 145 ℃染色60 min后85 ℃固色10 min [17]
反应型 二氮丙啶、长烷基链 黄 12.20 3 g/L 120 ℃染色80 min后80 ℃固色5 min [18]
金属颗粒 纳米硒颗粒 棕 4.34 50 mmol/L 120 ℃染色180 min [19]
交联型 巯基 棕 5.50 2%(o.w.f) 120 ℃染色40 min后室温固色50 min [21]

图1

部分高疏水型染料结构"

图2

反应型染料结构与上染机制"

图3

巯基氧化交联机制"

表2

丙纶的表面改性染色方法"

表面改性类型 原料 染料种类 K/S值 染料用量 染色条件 参考文献
等离子体改性 O2、N2 分散红92 11.52 1%(o.w.f) 130 ℃染色60 min [35]
等离子体改性 N2、NH3 弱酸性红B
弱酸性黄6G
弱酸性蓝AS		 — 3%(o.w.f) 90 ℃染色30 min [36]
卤化改性 次氯酸钠 阳离子金黄X-GL 4.85 2%(o.w.f) 60 ℃染色60 min [38]
卤化改性 F2、O2 亚甲基蓝
酸性橙7		 — 0.5 g/L 80 ℃染色30 min [39]
接枝改性 丙烯酸 碱性金B-RLS — — 100 ℃染色60 min [40]
接枝改性 戊二醛 阳离子红18 2.60 — 90 ℃染色60 min [42]
涂层改性 β-环糊精、柠檬酸 分散蓝Artisil BSQ
酸性红Nylosane E-BMdye
活性黄LANASOL 4G		 — 30%(质量分数) 100 ℃染色60 min [43]
涂层改性 阳离子PP分散液 酸性红151 7.70 — 60 ℃染色60 min [45]

表3

丙纶的共混/复合改性染色方法"

共混/复合改性类型 原料 染料种类 K/S值 染料用量 染色条件 参考文献
高聚物共混 PET 分散黄211 24.53 1%(o.m.f) 130 ℃染色 [46]
高聚物共混 CDPET、PS 分散红S-2G
阳离子蓝C2R		 27.37
13.64		 — — [48]
纳米粒子共混 改性黏土 还原蓝18
还原蓝20
还原绿1		 6.50
4.20
5.10		 4%(o.w.f) 120 ℃染色60 min [51]
稀土化合物共混 PS、CeO2 分散红167
分散橙30		 2.61
1.82		 — 100 ℃染色600 min [52]
稀土化合物共混 PS、La2O3 分散黄棕2R-FS
分散红玉FG-SE
分散海蓝NNG		 4.83
7.85
3.57		 — 130 ℃染色50 min [53]
纤维复合 羊毛粉 Foron DR Blue RD 2RN 3.45 — — [54]
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