纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (05): 105-115.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20241204602

• 特约专栏: 智能纤维与织物器件 • 上一篇    下一篇

消防员个人防护装备用智能纺织品研究进展

刘烨1,2, 王俊胜1,2,3(), 金星1,2,3   

  1. 1.应急管理部天津消防研究所, 天津 300381
    2.天津市消防安全技术重点实验室, 天津 300381
    3.工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室, 天津 300381
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-20 修回日期:2025-01-18 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-06-18
  • 通讯作者: 王俊胜(1982—),男,研究员,博士。主要研究方向为防火阻燃材料和消防员个人防护装备。E-mail:wangjunsheng@tfri.com.cn。
  • 作者简介:刘烨(1993—),男,助理研究员,博士。主要研究方向为纤维材料和消防员个人防护装备。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3006102);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3006100);应急管理部天津消防研究所所级自有资金支持项目(2023SJZYZJ03)

Research progress in intelligent textiles for firefighter's personal protective equipment

LIU Ye1,2, WANG Junsheng1,2,3(), JIN Xing1,2,3   

  1. 1. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute, Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China
    2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology, Tianjin 300381, China
    3. Key Laboratory of Fire Protection Technology for Industry and Public Building, Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China
  • Received:2024-12-20 Revised:2025-01-18 Published:2025-05-15 Online:2025-06-18

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摘要：

为提升消防员在复杂救援环境中的安全保障和作业效率,综述了智能纺织品在促进个人防护装备功能升级方面的作用。首先概述了应用于消防员个人防护装备的智能纺织品所涉及的关键纤维材料和功能材料;介绍了制备智能纺织品的多种复合成形技术,包括从纤维、纱线和织物多维度进行功能改性和结构优化。其次,从功能器件角度,对智能纺织品在消防员个人防护装备领域的热管理、能量收集与存储、以及传感响应等方面的最新研究进展进行了论述,综合对比了不同器件的结构与性能的关系。最后,从材料开发、性能提升、装备集成和标准评价等方面,对智能纺织品在消防员个人防护装备中的潜在应用前景及其面临的挑战进行了探讨。

关键词: 消防员个人防护装备, 智能纺织品, 纳米材料, 热管理, 摩擦纳米发电机, 传感器

Abstract:

Significance Firefighters on the frontline of rescue missions rely on personal protective equipment to protect them from the hazards of the harsh environment. As the diversity and complexity of rescue scenarios increase, there is a growing demand for personal protective equipment to offer multifunctionality beyond basic protection. Intelligent textiles, which combine the comfort of traditional textiles with the intelligence of electronic devices, have become a research focus in recent years and are widely applied across various fields. Integrating intelligent textiles into firefighter's personal protective equipment is expected to significantly enhance safety protection and improve rescue efficiency. The research progress in intelligent textiles used in firefighter's personal protective equipment is reviewed, aiming to inspire the relevant research and facilitate the translation of research findings into practical applications.
Progress In order to develop intelligent textiles for firefighter's personal protective equipment, various flame-retardant fibers and functional nanomaterials have been adopted. Different manufacturing processes, such as wet spinning, printing, and coating, are employed to construct one-dimensional (1-D) fiber/yarn, two-dimensional (2-D) fabric/film, and three-dimensional (3-D) braid architecture/aerogel block type intelligent textiles. The development of these intelligent textiles mainly focuses on the actual demands of thermal management, energy conversion and storage, and sensing response. Passive radiative cooling, phase change materials, and shape memory materials are widely adopted to improve the comfort and thermal protection of firefighters. In terms of energy conversion, triboelectric nanogenerators and thermoelectric devices are adopted to collect human body and environmental energy to generate electricity. Many researches focus on material combination and structural optimization to improve the performance and stability of devices in high-temperature environments. Regarding flexible energy storage devices, the modification of flexible electrodes and gel electrolytes allows supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries to be well integrated into intelligent textiles. In addition, textiles-based sensors with various functions have been developed, such as temperature sensing, high-temperature warning, human motion state recognition, and environmental condition monitoring. Researchers are also focusing on developing the self-powered and multifunctional coupled sensors. These functional textiles are strategically integrated into firefighter's personal protective equipment-including clothing, gloves, and boot-through advanced techniques such as interwoven structures, multilayer lamination, and precision stitching. The advanced personal protective equipment demonstrates good performance, which is expected to significantly improve firefighter safety in high-risk environments.
Conclusion and Prospect The integration of intelligent textiles into firefighter's personal protective equipment has been well demonstrated in different scenarios. Considering the harshness of the firefighter rescuing environment, there are higher demands for the stability and durability of intelligent textiles. At present, research has focused on developing various intelligent textiles with different structures to improve performance, but still many challenges should be overcome when it comes to practical applications. Major limitations include: (1) Insufficient temperature regulation capacity of thermal management systems, where phase change materials face leakage risks and shape memory materials exhibit delayed responsiveness; (2) limited energy conversion efficiency and compromised durability of wearable energy devices in extreme temperatures; (3) multifunctional sensing textiles struggle to achieve simultaneous high sensitivity and reliable signal discrimination under complex interference. Addressing these issues requires innovative approaches integrating hierarchical material design, hybrid energy systems, and AI-enhanced adaptive algorithms to advance next-generation intelligent textiles. Besides, it is necessary to explore the effective integration of intelligent textiles with firefighter's personal protective equipment in combination with ergonomics. Considering the long-term and frequent use of personal protective equipment, it is also critical to pay attention to the impact of washing, aging, and other conditions on performance. Furthermore, establishing standard evaluation methods of various intelligent textiles will be helpful to compare the different functional devices, thereby improving their reliability and efficiency in the practical application. In short, extensive and in-depth research of intelligent textiles will promote the upgrade of firefighter's personal protective equipment, which will play a more important role in firefighting rescue operations.

Key words: firefighter's personal protective equipment, intelligent textile, nanomaterial, thermal management, triboelectric nanogenerator, sensor

中图分类号: 

  • TS102

图1

智能纺织品在消防员个人防护装备中的多功能应用"

表1

不同摩擦纳米发电机性能对比"

参考
文献		 摩擦电正性材料 摩擦电负性材料 测试
频率/Hz		 电输出性能
Voc/V Isc/μA Qsc/nC
[37] 银胶涂覆阻燃棉织物 PTFE浸渍棉织物 3 145 1.5 53
[38] 铜箔 PI/rGO/TiO2复合纳米纤维膜 3 228.26 5.22 80
[18] BaTiO3/SiO2/芳纶纳米纤维
复合气凝胶纤维织物		 PTFE织物 2 15.8 0.18 6
[40] 碳基气凝胶 氟化乙烯丙烯 1 80 25 μA/m2 15 μC/m2
[41] 锦纶织物 不锈钢丝/MXene/PI织物 5 153 13.13 -
[42] 芳纶纳米纤维膜 碳纳米纤维膜 1.5 24.08 0.368 6.95
[43] 聚磺胺纳米纤维膜 PVA-PTFE纳米纤维膜 2 26 0.25 -
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