Journal of Textile Research ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (06): 21-27.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20230100402

• Academic Salon Column for New Insight of Textile Science and Technology: Key Technologies of High Quality Aramid and Its Product Application • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Advances in design and fabrication of aramid fiber's surface and interface structure based on direct fluorination

LÜ Junwei1,2, LUO Longbo1,2, LIU Xiangyang1,2()   

  1. 1. College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
  • Received:2023-01-03 Revised:2023-03-20 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-07-20
  • Contact: LIU Xiangyang E-mail:lxy@scu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Significance Due to the advantages of low density, high strength, excellent environmental stability and wave-transparent of aramid fiber, it is gradually becoming the most important representative fiber in the high-performance organic fiber family. Among the wide range of applications of aramid fiber, the use as reinforcements in advanced composites might be the most important. However, poor interfacial interaction between aramid fiber and composite matrix has been a key issue to limit further mechanical improvements in composite design. Herein, direct fluorination using elemental fluorine or F2/N2 mixture to direct treat aramid fiber surface is efficient strategy to enhance composite interface. Utilizing the ultra-strong oxidation of F2, direct fluorination could easily dope fluorine content groups with high polarity in a large scale to improve wettability between fiber and matrix, while post-purification is needed due to the characteristic of vapor-solid reaction. Besides, direct fluorination induced C—F bonds also have significant designability in derived grafting reactions for further well-performed composite interface. Therefore, direct fluorination exhibits huge potential in the future composite design and manufacturing.
Progress Advances of direct fluorination in enhancing composite interface could be divided into three stages: ① Direct fluorination induced high-polar fluorine-contained groups and extra oxygen species significantly improves the interfacial wettability between fiber and polymer matrix, where the optimized interfacial wettability would enhance the interfacial combination of the composite; ② C—F bonds not only have high polarity, but also exhibit flexible feasibility in deriving reactions like nucleophilic substitution and atom transfer radical polymerization, thus further grafting reaction could be realized on fluorinated aramid fiber surface to obtain better composite interfacial properties; ③ Direct fluorination with typical radical characteristic induces significant radical species in fluorinated aramid fiber, then the relevant polymerization with high grafting density could be restricted on fluorinated aramid surface and got much better composite interface. Therefore, direct fluorination exhibited flexible ability in designing numerous high-performance interfacial structures of composite product servicing in different environments.
Conclusion and Prospect In previous research work, it has been demonstrated that direct fluorination is a low-cost and industrially applicable fiber surface treatment technique that can significantly improve the surface properties of fibers and their interfacial bonding with the polymer matrix while maintaining the intrinsic excellent mechanical properties of the fibers, thus improving the mechanical properties of the interfacial phase in the composite. In fact, further development and application of direct fluorination technology in the design and construction of interfacial structures for fiber surface modification and its reinforced composites is still needed, which is expected to better solve potential scientific and technical problems in the development of the mechanics of fiber-reinforced composites and provide new methods for the modulation of fiber surface modification and its interfacial properties of composites. Three problems and trends in the research of direct fluorinated aramid surface modification and its composite interface are listed as follows: ① Due to the high chemical reaction activity of fluorine gas, the current principles and methods of its regulation are insufficient, how to more effectively regulate the fluorination reaction rate and the selectivity of fluorination reaction sites, as well as how to more effectively avoid the chain-breaking behavior of macromolecular chains are the focus of further research and development of direct fluorination technology; ② It is necessary to construct continuous gradient changing polar structures and their interfacial properties on the fiber surface through direct fluorination reactions and their derivative grafting reactions, so as to more accurately describe and establish the quantitative constitutive relationship between the physicochemical structure of the fiber surface and the fine mechanics of the composite interface; ③ More efficient methods and corresponding engineering equipment are in high demand for regulating the homogeneity of direct fluorinated fibers.

Key words: aramid fiber, surface treatment, interface structure design, direct fluorination, fiber composite material

CLC Number: 

  • TS195.6

Fig. 1

Mechanism of direct fluorination in aramid(a) and PBO(b) fiber"

Fig. 2

Mechanism of metal-ion catalyst selective direct fluorination"

Fig. 3

Mechanism in fluorinated aramid fiber initiating polymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and its surface topography. (a)Surface morphology of grafted fibers;(b)Surface roughness of grafted fibers;(c)Mechanism in fluorinated aramid fiber initiating polymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate"

Fig. 4

Reaction process(a)and mechanism(b)of surface radical polymerization of aramid fibers initiated by direct fluorination"

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