Journal of Textile Research ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (12): 233-242.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20250500602

• Comprehensive Review • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Current status and development trends of high-performance inorganic fibers and their products for aerospace and aeronautical applications

SHI Zhicheng1, CHEN Fengxiang1(), WANG Mengyun2, BAI Jie2, LI Juan2, BAI Meng2, FU Guangwei2, XU Weilin1   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan,Hubei 430200, China
    2. China Textile Engineering Society, Beijing 100025, China
  • Received:2025-05-07 Revised:2025-07-25 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2026-02-06
  • Contact: CHEN Fengxiang E-mail:fxchen_czx@wtu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Significance With the rapid advancement of strategic missions such as deep-space exploration, aerospace systems are increasingly exposed to extreme thermal cycling, intense radiation, micrometeoroid impacts, and atomic oxygen erosion. Traditional metallic and organic materials, constrained by high density, limited thermal resistance, and short service life, are insufficient to meet the requirements of next-generation aerospace systems. In contrast, high-performance inorganic fibers-characterized by low density, high specific strength, exceptional thermal stability, radiation resistance, and chemical durability-have emerged as key materials for integrated structural and functional design. A systematic review of their classifications, applications, and technological trends is therefore of great scientific and engineering significance, providing guidance to overcome current material limitations and accelerate independent innovation in advanced aerospace systems.

Progress High-performance inorganic fibers-including carbon-based, quartz, oxide, silicon carbide, boron-based, and basalt fibers-have been systematically reviewed with respect to their structural characteristics and performance advantages under complex aerospace service environments. These fibers meet diverse requirements for mechanical strength, functional integration, lightweight design, and sustainability. Research progress has focused on forming technologies and intrinsic property enhancement mechanisms, including precursor design, heat treatment, and microstructural regulation, which have improved fiber strength, toughness, and stability. In addition, the structural processing and functional applications of fiber-based products have been summarized, highlighting the potential of advanced intelligent manufacturing technologies-such as three-dimensional weaving and 3D printing-for the fabrication of complex structures and multifunctional integration. These advances indicate that future development of inorganic fibers must emphasize structure-property prediction, multifunctional design, and green intelligent manufacturing to enable reliable long-term service and sustainable development of next-generation aerospace systems.

Conclusion and Prospect High-performance inorganic fibers have become indispensable to aerospace material systems; however, their development still faces significant challenges. The microstructure-property correlation remains insufficiently understood; multifunctional integration often involves trade-offs that hinder the simultaneous optimization of mechanical strength, thermal protection, and sensing capabilities; and manufacturing remains energy-intensive, costly, and technologically dependent on imports, constraining large-scale applications and autonomy. Addressing these challenges requires a focus on multifunctional integration, intelligent responsiveness, and green manufacturing. Emphasis should be placed on synergistic fiber integration, gradient structural design, and interface engineering to achieve combined load-bearing, protection, and sensing functions with systematic performance optimization. Research on intelligent fiber-based materials should be accelerated to enable self-sensing, self-healing, and enhanced environmental adaptability, thereby improving reliability under extreme aerospace conditions. Priority must also be given to low-energy, high-efficiency green manufacturing and recycling technologies to support closed-loop lifecycle management and promote sustainability. In parallel, advancing the localization of core manufacturing technologies is essential for establishing an autonomous supply chain and securing strategic advantages in the global aerospace sector.

Key words: aerospace and aeronautic application, inorganic fiber, thermal protection, weaving technology, 3D printing, high-performance fiber, silicon carbide fiber, basalt fiber

CLC Number: 

  • TS102.4
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