Table of Content

15 July 2013, Volume 34 Issue 7

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Preparation and properties of high temperature resistant ultrafiltration aramid nanofiber/PPS composite material

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  1-4. 

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The DMAc/LiCl was used as solvent systems to dissolve meta-aramid fiber, the prepared aramid solution were used to produce nano aramid fiber by electrospinning, and nano-aramid/PPS formed into sandwich structures for HEPA. The results indicated that the nanofiber mat had a better mechanical and heat-resistant property, and nano-aramid/PPS composite nonwoven had a super filter efficiency (> 99.9 %) for the particles with the size between 0.1～0.6μm, which was more higher than the PPS nonwoven (< 70 %). However, the larger pressure drop for nano-aramid/PPS composite nonwoven were observed when the thicker nano-aramid mat was used, which was main due to the nano size of aramid fiber and so many smaller porosity in nanofiber mat.

Influence of PPS fibers on sstructure and mechanical properties of basalt/PPS needle-punched composite filter materials

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  5-9. 

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In order to investigate the surface morphology of web, morphological structure and mechanical properties of the composite filter materials of different PPS fibers weight percentage, after mixing basalt fibers with PPS fibers by different weight percentages, the opening, carding, cross lapping, pre-needling and needling process were used to prepare the composite filter materials, at the same time, their properties were characterized by stereo microscope, SEM, and electronic fabric tensile tester, respectively. The results showed that the degree of single fiber and fiber arrangement disordered increased, the web uniformity was improved, the entanglement between fibers and fibers, fibers and base fabric in composite filter materials enhanced by adding PPS fibers. The breaking strength of filter materials raised significantly both in cross-direction (CD) and machine-direction (MD), and the breaking strength of filter materials with 30%wt PPS fibers were 2.5 times as much as the pure basalt filter materials in MD.

Preparation and characterization of polyethylene glycol/PP form-stable phase change materials

Shu Yang

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  10-14. 

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Solid-liquid phase change materials(PCM) have been widely used in air-conditioning clothes, however, they have problems of overlarge deformation during the process of phase changing, and are difficult to control. In this paper，several PEGs were chosen as PCM，and PP as frame material. PEG-PP composite PCM was prepared, called form-stable PCM. And then the macro and micro structure of composite material was observed. The fusing temperature and the latent heat were measured by DSC. At last, the practical thermal effect of composite PCM was tested by Infrared Thermal Mapping Technique to verify the feasibility of application.

Preparation and performance of biodegradable slice of poly (propylene carbonate) / polypropylene for nonwoven fabrics

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  15-21. 

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The biodegradable meltblown non-woven fabric slice of poly (propylene carbonate)(PPC) / polypropylene(PP) was prepared by melt blending. The effect of the proportion of raw materials, blending temperature, blending time, blending speed on the mechanical properties of slice of poly (propylene carbonate)(PPC) / polypropylene(PP) was investigated, and melt flow rate, intrinsic viscosity, thermal properties, micro-morphology, degradation performance of different proportions of PPC/PP fabric slice also be investigated.The results shown that the influence of the proportion of raw materials for mechanical properties was significant, the tensile strength was 13.02MPa and the MFR was 3494g?(10min)-1 when the raw material ratio of PPC: PP was 7:3, blending temperature was 175℃, blending time was 5min, blending speed was 35r?min-1.The MFR was 1563g?(10min)-1 when the raw material ratio of PPC/PP was 6:4, it was accorded with meltblown non-woven fabric slice requirement. The thermal decomposition temperature of slices was improved more than PPC. It explained to the thermal stability can be impoved for adding the PP. The results of SEM shown that the slice of the ratio of PPC/PP was 7:3 was more smooth, had less depressions and cavities, the compatibility was better, and the degradation rate was 3.6198% in phosphoric acid buffer after a month.

Elastic recovery analysis of nonwoven fabric with mesh structure

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  22-26. 

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It introduces several changes of mechanical entanglement morphology between fibers from the spunlaced nonwoven when it is in the tensile stress state. The result shows that the elastic recovery performance of spunlaced nonwoven through the deformation resilience of water thorn hole and the elastic fiber itself ; Meanwhile using the mathematical model demonstrates the most common "u-shaped" tangle way between fibers like yarn part way on both sides of the input and output, T1 = T0×e μ θ,if static friction coefficient μ or fiber coated Angle θ become larger, in the same water thorn pressure condition,the more fiber tangles and hooks, the better Combined effect caused by fiber net structure and stable to the whole fiber net;Finally combined with the actual production and set ideal mesh model, discussing the size relations of horizontal and longitudinal extension deformation about Δ L and Δ L', we can improve the elastic recovery performance of nonwoven through changing both the fiber net organization and fiber arrangement.

High temperature- and corrosion- resistance of PPS/PSA nonwoven filter material

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  27-34. 

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The polysulfonamide (PSA) fiber and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fiber are high performance fibers which own excellent heat resistance, burning, corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. The high temperature resistant and corrosion resistant performance of different blended PPS/PSA filter material are tested by research.

Influence of flat heel-toe difference of carding machine on yarn hairiness

Ji-Peng CAO

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  35-39. 

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Effect of carding machine heel-toe difference on yarn hairiness number is studied. The hairiness of yarns processed by 24 plans under four-grade flat heel-toe difference, two-grade cylinder speed and three-grade carding output was tested by YG172 yarn hairiness tester. The test results were analyzed by SPSS software. The results show that heel-toe difference has notable influence on yarn hairiness index. When cylinder speed is 394r/min, the yarn hairiness is the least under 0.42mm heel-toe difference; while cylinder speed is 296r/min，the yarn hairiness is the least under 0.56mm heel-toe difference. In all test plans, the heel-toe difference of 0.56mm and 0.42mm are beneficial to hairiness reduction as a whole；the yarn hairiness is the most under 0.14mm heel-toe difference, which shows that too small heel-toe difference is not conducive to hairiness reduction.

Effects of weaving process on side-glowing properties of polymer optical fiber fabrics with different structures

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  40-44. 

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Polymer optical fiber (POF) fabrics with simple construction and soft handle were prepared based on the structural damage during weaving process. This paper analyzed the damage mechanism of POF during manufacturing process and compared the side-glowing intensity of POF fabrics with different weave structure. The results indicated that POF was damaged mainly in the process of take-up due to the take-up roll with tough surface put much stress on the fibers to wind up the cloth. There were significant differences of side-glowing intensity among different weave structure of POF fabrics, the side-glowing intensity of plain fabric was low and the intensity of satin fabric was higher. The side-glowing intensity showed an increasing tendency with the repeatition of satin weave increased, however it was less affected after the weave increased to 16 repeats due to the POF was close to the largest contact area with take-up roll.,while the bending of POF played a dominant role. Therefore 16-thread satin weaves was preferred as illumination effect of POF fabric.

Fabric pilling object detection using scale-space extrema

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  45-51. 

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Focusing on objective assessment of fabric pilling grading, a method was proposed for detecting pilling object using scale-space extrema. The pilling object was modeled as an anisotropic Gaussian kernel. Based on scale-space theory and derivation of isotropic Gaussian matched filter, an operator as polynomial combinations of Gaussian derivatives was used for automatic scale selection, which providing a close approximation to Gaussian matched filter. By scale-space extrema of the normalized operator filtering , the pilling object was located and its size was measured. The anisotropic Gaussian model parameters were estimated from local structure tensor matrix, and depending on them, the pilling object was finally segmented and recognized. The experiments demonstrated that the presented method of pilling object segmentation and recognition has good results.

Test method for fabric bending behavior based on image processing

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  52-56. 

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Bending behavior of fabric is an important specification that reflects the flexibility of fabrics. Nevertheless, most of the research on bending performance of fabrics focus on theoretical analysis rather than testing method. Aiming at this, a simple water-drop method of testing bending behavior of fabric based on image processing was put forward in this paper, which can test different directions or different fabrics bending performance at the same time.And the specific using method were also given,as well as three index, width of water-drop, length of water-drop , area of water-drop and bending index. The four index was compared with the bending length and bending rigidity of 20 fabrics. The following conclusions could be made: the correlations between the four index in the water-drop method and bending length, as well as bending rigidity from largest to smallest are area of water-drop, bending index, width of water-drop and length of water-drop. Besides, the four index all have high linear correlations with bending length and bending rigidity. It was proved that the water-drop method put forward in this paper to test bending behavior of fabric was feasible.

Memory properties of shape memory fiber /cotton woven fabrics with high tightness

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  57-61. 

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To study the memory properties of shape memory woven fabric with high tightness, fifteen shape memory fiber(SMF)/cotton woven fabrics of high tightness in which SMF show different distribution was designed and developed for the experiment together with a reference fabric on shape memory property. The result show that the numerical value on shape fixity ratio(Rf) of all fabrics is in high consistency level. As a whole with the increasing of SMF content the shape recovery ratio(Rr) would rise more distinct in warp direction than in weft direction. If the tightness in one direction of a fabric is higher than a certain limit the frictional resistance between warp and weft would cause performance insufficiency of shape recovery in another direction. The contraction and shear effect caused by tensile loading on one direction of a fabric make it having certain shape memory property also in another direction even if SMF is distributed only in one direction. When high tightness woven fabric have a fixed SMF content or have no SMF at all in one direction, the shape memory properties in another direction would rise with the increasing of SMF content.

Effect of loop transfer on electro-mechanical properties of conductive elastic wearable knitted sensors

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  62-68. 

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In order to guide the elastic weft plain fabric flexible sensor design, the resistance hexagon model, based on the loops’ structure of the fabric, for electro-mechanical properties of conductive knitted elastic fabrics made from silver-plating multi-filament yarns is built. The attention is focused on the relationship between the electrical resistance and the load on the fabric under uniaxial extension. The equivalent resistance of the fabric is obtained by solving the circuit equations of the network. It is found that parallel to the wale direction, the circuit net is a multiple circuit; and parallel to the course direction, the circuit net is a series circuit. To simplify the calculating, m courses by one wale unit loop only need. From the theoretical analysis and experimental investigations, it is found that the resistance change because of the transferring of the yarn segment is the key factor in the sensitivity of the elastic fabric sensor. The resistance of the fabric is a linear increase with the strain. Also, the contact resistance, the fabric structure and the yarn elongating affect the characteristics of the fabric sensor.

Effect of stuffer warp on quasi-static penetration properties of 3-D angular interlocked woven composites

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  69-73. 

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In order to obtain the relationship between warp filler and quasi-static penetration properties for the 3D angular interlocked woven composites, four kinds of 3D angular interlocked woven fabrics with different layers of warp fillers in the structure were made with glass fiber and the composite plates reinforced with these fabrics were manufactured by the method of vacuum assistant molding. Both the penetration displacement-load curves and displacement-instantaneous absorbed energy curves were obtained to analyze the quasi-static mechanical response course and properties by quasi-static penetration test. The results show that when the warp fillers on warp direction of fabric is increased，the highest penetration load and energy absorbency of 3D woven composites are increase because each group of warp fillers corresponds to an obvious energy absorption area in the impact absorbed energy-displacement curves of composites. At the same time, the breakage displacement of the composites is decrease.

Absorption of sodium humate on cotton fabric

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  74-78. 

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Humic acid sodium were applied to dyeing of cotton fabrics. The effects of dyeing value of pH, temperature, dosage of sodium chloride, dyeing bath ratio and dosage of humic acid sodium on △E value of dyeings were analyzed. The absorption dynamics and thermodynamics performance of humic acid sodium on cotton were also investigated. It was found that dyeing pH have less effect on △E value of dyed fabrics, the △E value of dyeings was decreased with the increase in dyeing temperature and dyeing bath ratio. When the dosage of sodium chloride from 0 to 15g/L, the △E value of dyeings was increased with the increase in dosage of sodium chloride, but when the dosage of sodium chloride above 15g/L, the △E value of dyeings was decreased with the increase in dosage of sodium chloride. When the dosage of humic acid sodium from 0 to 15g/L, the building-up performance of humic acid sodium was good. From the result of dynamics, the dyeing rate k was increased with the increase in dyeing temperature, half time of dyeing t1/2 and equilibrium dyeing uptake C∞ was decreased with the increase in dyeing temperature. From the result of thermodynamics, Freundlich equation can better fitted the absorption of humic acid sodium on cotton, humic acid sodium absorption on cotton main by hydrogen bonding and Van der waals forces.

Optimization of indigo dyeing system on cotton fabrics

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  79-84. 

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The dyeing systems containing penetrant DP、sodium hydrosulphite、caustic soda and indigo dye were used to dye the cotton fabric by the use of Minitab software, 20 groups dyeing designed by central composite method were carried out, the fabrics were impregnated with dyeing solutions for 20s at 25oC, then padding to keep pick up at 60% and oxidized for 75s. The dye-uptake, the K / S value, the wet and the dry rubbing fastness and the tensile strength of the dyed fabrics were measured and the distribution of the dye in the yarn cross section were observed and analyzed. The results showed that the yarns were evenly dyed and all of dye uptake, K / S value, rubbing fastness and tensile strength were improved .The optimum dosage are: caustic soda 6.63g/L,sodium hyposulfite 5.65g/L,alkali penetrant DP 0.97g/L.

Infouence of acrylic acid grafting on dyeing property of nylon 66

wei-dong ZHANG

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  85-89. 

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The paper was mainly research acrylic grafting nylon 66. The cationic dye of Cationic Red 5BL was used to dye the fiber under 95℃. The dyeing properties of modified nylon 66 fiber in mild acidic condition were researched. The grafting modification rate and dyeing kinetics on the Acrylic grafting nylon 66 fibers with cationic dye were studied as well. The results showed that the type of adsorption isotherm of cationic dye on Acrylic grafting nylon 66 fibers was conforming to Langmuir distribution mechanism. Compared with dyeing with cationic dye on the conventional nylon 66 fiber, dyeing with cationic dye on the Acrylic grafting nylon 66 fiber has some features, i.e. the dyeing rate increases greatly, half-dyeing time decreases, diffusion coefficient and dyeing affinity enhance, washing fastness increased half to one degree.

Evaluation of rubbing color fastness to pigment printing fabrics

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  90-94. 

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The fading and staining degree of pigment printed fabrics may different when the adhesive had be used were different. There may be misjudged to the fastness of a pigment printed fabric due to the staining degree on the adjacent fabric were different. In view of this, it was researched that the effects of the fading degree and the staining degree on the adjacent fabric of the pigment printed fabric by choosing different adhesive and different process in this paper. The results showed that the fading degree and the staining degree are equally important to evaluate the rubbing fastness of pigment printed fabric.

Analysis of bending and drape properties of seamed fabrics

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  95-99. 

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Firstly, this paper investigated the bending performance of the different seams. Then, the fabrics’ drape performance with different sewing conditions and its influencing factors were discussed as a focus based on the seam’s bending performance. The results show as follows：(1) The seams’ bending length and bending rigidity are obviously increase compared with the original fabric; (2) Some main drape parameters of the samples with seam (drape coefficient, average radius, stiffness index) are greater than un-sewn fabric; (3) For most samples, the wider seam allowance is, the bigger drape coefficient is; (4) The influence of the seam position on the drape coefficient is related to the fabric’s mechanical properties in the warp and weft direction; (5)Generally, the seams with higher bending length have more influence on the fabric’s drape coefficient than the seams with lower bending length; (6)The circular edge seams can increase the bending rigidity and the drape coefficient. The study has some helps for fabric and garment drape evaluation and can contribute to the further research on fabric or garment simulation after considering the seam performance.

Stretchability test of bra straps

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  100-105. 

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The bra strap was taken as the object in this paper. Taking the characteristics of the strap and its application in daily use into account, the tensile failure test and specified elongation repeatedly tensile experiments were adopted to test the main mechanical performances and tensile properties of the strap samples. On the basis of the feature of stretch curve of the straps and the Meredith method to determine the yield point of fibre, the method of determing the effective elastic point of the strap was discussed. The paired sample test was used to detect the significant difference between the first and fifth stretched elastic recovery as well as plastic strain. The test result suggested that the stretched elastic recovery of the straps would decrease, while the plastic strain would increase in the daily use. The analysis of variance and covariance were used to discuss the effects of the elongation on elastic recovery and plastic strain of the straps. The result indicated that the elongation of the bra straps in daily use had no significant effect on both tensile properties discussed above.

Analysis body shape of young women by use of body surface angles

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  106-110. 

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Abstract:This study based on the prototype contour design requirements, selected the body angle as measurement,including shoulder angle,back into the corner, back side angle, chest convex angle and so on.Using 18～28 years old in college school female students as model, and the reverse engineering software imageware12.0 as a important tool,gaining three dimensional human body’s point cloud data. According to the coordinates of points, calculate the body surface of different angle.After analysis the data, determine the significant angle.The purpose of this study is to create the corresponding relationship of surface angle and the prototype dart’s angle, converting angle’s parameter into garment structural parameters, so that the angle parameter is introduced the design of the prototype.Improving the fit of the garment further, and provide support for the design method of prototype by using angle and the body’s data.

Cultural characteristics of Hakka women's apron in western Fujian

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  111-114. 

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The apron is the important component of Hakka women’s costume that symbolizes the diligence and wisdom of Hakka women. Based on the field research of the apron dressed by Hakka women in western Fujian ,the apron presents the two type of shape like Chinese word“凸”or rectangle, mainly use blue and black color and the head part embroidered brightly colored octopus that focus on Chinese traditional auspicious octopus and shows the form beauty of symmetry and equalization. Comparing the apron of Hakka with colored girdle of local nationality of She and large skirt in Taiwan area, it has been found that the apron of Hakka embodies the costume culture of Hakka which presents practice united with adornment , origin and evolution of Hakka costume culture and it’s also concluded that the apron of Hakka has the same shape type and cultural symbol meaning that testifies the same origin of Hakka costume culture across the Taiwan Straits.

Lap pressure mechanism and its pressure of HC181 Unilap

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  115-120. 

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In order to obtain better lap forming and combed sliver quality, that the pressure mechanism and stress have been studied on HC181 Unilip. Through kinematics and mechanical mathematical modeling to mechanism, compiling Matlab program, pressure curve that keeping lap forming better has been computed and drawn, and the corresponded pressure equation has been simulated. After the pressure equation putted into PLC(Programmable Logic Controller), PLC control electronic ratio valve to regulating cylinder pressure, lap pressure then be controlled on-line in the course of lap forming,. Weight unevenness of practical lap produced by above method can decrease to 0.1%.

Analysis of shogging motion of guide bars on warp knitting machines

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  121-125. 

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According to the problem that the control system will operate failure because of the scratch between needles and yarn, when knitting machine running at a high speed and the guide bar shows extra mechanical vibration，this paper propose the method to analyze the dynamic character of guide bar with using modal analysis technology. Based on the building acoustic vibration test platform, analyzing the key kinetic parameters: damping ration, natural frequencies, natural vibration mode, amplitude and frequency response characteristics, the paper puts forward the effective measures of anti-vibration for warp knitting guide bar, and the contrast test results show that the measures are valid, and the vibration analysis method is feasible.

Temperature control system of heated draw roll based on improved single-neuron PID

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  126-131. 

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Temperature stability and uniformity of heated godet roll shell are the key factors that affect the quality of chemical fiber drawing.In this paper an improved single-neuron PID controller is applied in the temperature control system of heated draw roll,and the control parameters can be adaptively adjusted under different setting temperature,speed and ambient temperature to achieve good temperature control performance.In addition,rotary temperature transmitter,thermostat and panel are designed based on C8051F series MCU.It is proved that the system is safe and reliable,has high temperature measurement accuracy, strong stability and anti-jamming capability, satisfactory temperature control performance after test and trial.

CAD design and simulation of double-needle bar short pile fabrics

Ai-Jun ZHANG

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  132-136. 

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In order to realize the rapid design of double-needle bar short pile fabric, A set of CAD system especially for the development of double-needle bar short pile fabric is designed. Firstly, introduces the characteristic and use of double-needle bar short pile warp knitted fabric, Studied the design method of the double-needle bar short pile warp knitted fabric. Then, established digital model of the pattern grid, yarn circulation and mat yarn digital of double-needle bar short pile warp knitted fabric. According to the lap characteristics of short pile fabric, realize the automatic generation of mat yarn digital. Analysis the influence factors of the nap state of short pile fabric, using image processing method improve the simulation result of traditional simulation method, got a simulation result which close to the nap state of the real object.

Cultural constitution and typical degree of phoenix pattern on traditional dress adornment

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  137-142. 

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Phoenix pattern often appears on apparel and accessories. It is very important that the pattern must follow the culture connotation of the clothing. In order to mapping the phoenix pattern parts to culture meanings and calculate the pattern parts’ contribution of characteristics (typical degree), the Cultural Constitution theory was adopted. Firstly, the phoenix cultural elements domain was divided into six parts, named dignity, elegance, luck, beauty, vitality, love. And typical images of each sub-domain were found based on the Likert Scale table constructed by forty volunteers with sixty test samples. Secondly, the typical degree of each phoenix pattern part was calculated and sorted using eye-tracking data. Furthermore, the quantified typical degree could also help designers to choose a suitable pattern for modern apparel and accessories design.

Application of brand personality dimensions in design positioning of knitted woolen sweaters

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  143-147. 

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The situation of domestic knitting sweaters products market and product structure are reviewed in this paper, the analysis points out the deficiencies and shortcomings of knitting sweaters positioning of product design and product development in our country; and then combined domestic brand personality theory with investigation data, using the deductive analysis method, summed up the domestic dimensions of brand personality in view of sweaters products commonly used, pointed out the impact on the dimensions of brand personality on product differentiation positioning and development, and the significance for adjustment of industrial structure upgrading.

Properties and applications of polymer optical fiber fabric

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  148-153. 

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This paper introduces the structure and and properties of optical fibers, then discribes the differences in textile techniques of optical fiber fabric and their features, discusses systematically the research progress of the application of optical fiber fabric in light emitting fabric, flexible optical fiber display and optical fiber sensors. It can be seen that the optical fiber fabrics are flexible, lightweight, durable, safe, easy connected with light source and it also can diffuse and transfer the light. So it has a wide range of application in garment, decoration, medical treatment, safety warning and intelligent control. With the developing of the new polymer optical fibers and the improvement of the weaving technology, the products of the polymer optical fiber will be diversity and easy weaved.

Research progress and existing problems on determination for carcinogenic and allergenic dyes in textiles

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(7):  154-0. 

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Carcinogenic and allergenic dyes have become a growing concern and a hot topic of scientific research, as important items in the ecological textiles testing. In view of the situation, information of carcinogenic and allergenic dyes in the textile regulations and standards is confused, extraction efficiency in pretreatment is generally not high, and bias is easily appeared during an instrument test with quantitative analysis and qualitative confirmation. In this paper, we summarized carcinogenic and allergenic dyes involved in the textile related laws and regulations corrected some confusing information of dye compounds, discussed grouping principles of standard mixed solution for dyes, reviewed determination methods and problems of carcinogenic and allergenic dyes, and also forecasted its development trend.