口罩过滤效率检测用颗粒物粒径的换算和标准比对

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20200203207

纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (08): 152-157.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200203207

• 专栏:医用防护纺织品 • 上一篇下一篇

口罩过滤效率检测用颗粒物粒径的换算和标准比对

杨小兵¹^,²(), 程钧³, 张守鑫¹^,², 姚红⁴, 陆林¹^,², 丁松涛¹^,²

1.军事科学院防化研究院国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室, 北京 100191
2.雾霾健康效应与防护北京市重点实验室, 北京 100191
3.中钢集团武汉安全环保研究院有限公司,湖北武汉 430081
4.3M中国有限公司, 北京 100176

收稿日期:2020-02-17 修回日期:2020-05-07 出版日期:2020-08-15 发布日期:2020-08-21
作者简介:杨小兵(1976—),男,副研究员,博士。主要研究方向为核生化防护技术与装备、功能材料及标准化。E-mail: xbyoung2001@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0804907);国家标准制修订计划项目(201311680-Q-450);核化应急救援科研基金项目(W3106)

Particle size conversion for mask filter efficiency test and comparability of different standards

YANG Xiaobing¹^,²(), CHENG Jun³, ZHANG Shouxin¹^,², YAO Hong⁴, LU Lin¹^,², DING Songtao¹^,²

1. State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Military Science Academy, Beijing 100191, China
2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, Beijing 100191, China
3. Sinosteel Wuhan Safety & Environment Protection Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
4. 3M China Company, Beijing 100176, China

Received:2020-02-17 Revised:2020-05-07 Online:2020-08-15 Published:2020-08-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为理清口罩过滤效率检测用颗粒物粒径的相关科学概念,介绍了GB 2626—2006《呼吸防护用品自吸过滤式防颗粒物呼吸器》中所用颗粒物粒径及粒径分布的基本概念和描述方法。在回顾呼吸性粉尘和空气动力学质量中位径(MMAD)概念的基础上,重点介绍了计数中位径(CMD)换算为MMAD的方法,通过计算证明GB 2626—2006中过滤效率测试用颗粒物的MMAD为0.3 μm,该粒径为最具有穿透性的颗粒物粒径。应用该换算方法,探讨了AQ 1114—2014《煤矿用自吸过滤式防尘口罩》中以MMAD大于7 μm粗粉尘颗粒物测试过滤效率的局限性,并采用MMAD为0.3 μm 的颗粒物评估典型口罩材料的过滤效率,为正确评价国内外防颗粒物口罩标准提供专业指导。

关键词: 口罩, 颗粒物防护, 粒径分布, 空气动力学质量中位径, 最易穿透粒径, 过滤效率, 标准

Abstract:

To clarify the related scientific concept of particle size used in testing mask filter efficiency, this paper systematically introduced the basic concepts and descriptive methods of particle size and particle size distribution for filter efficiency test in the Chinese national standard GB 2626—2006 "Respiratory protective equipment-non-owered air-purifying particle respirator". On the basis of reviewing the concepts of respirable dust and mass median aerodynamic diameter(MMAD), emphasis was laid on the calculation method for converting the count median diameter (CMD) into MMAD, which proved that the CMD provided in GB 2626—2006 meets the requirement of MMAD 0.3 μm, the most penetrating particle size, used for the filter efficiency test. Based on the conversion method, the dust size with MMAD higher than 7 μm used in AQ 1114—2014 "Self-inhalation filter type dust respirator for coal mines" for filter efficiency test was discussed. The particle filter efficiency of typical filtration media used in masks was tested using the 0.3 μm particles. It provided professional guidance for the correct evaluation of domestic and foreign standards for particle masks.

Key words: mask, particle protection, particle size distribution, mass median aerodynamic diameter, most penetrating particle size, filter efficiency, standard

中图分类号:

C976.2

杨小兵, 程钧, 张守鑫, 姚红, 陆林, 丁松涛. 口罩过滤效率检测用颗粒物粒径的换算和标准比对[J]. 纺织学报, 2020, 41(08): 152-157.

YANG Xiaobing, CHENG Jun, ZHANG Shouxin, YAO Hong, LU Lin, DING Songtao. Particle size conversion for mask filter efficiency test and comparability of different standards[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(08): 152-157.

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参考文献 15

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标准名称	标准国别与地区	测试用颗粒物特性
ISO 16900—3:2012《呼吸保护装置试验方法和试验设备第3部分:粒子滤波渗透的测定》	国际	NaCl颗粒:CMD为(0.06~0.10) μm,GSD为1.4~1.8;DOP颗粒:CMD为(0.16~0.21) μm,GSD为1.4~1.8。
EN 149:2001+A1 2009《呼吸防护装置防护颗粒的过滤半面罩要求、测试、标记》	欧盟 (34个国家)	NaCl颗粒:MMD为0.6 μm,尺寸分布为(0.045~1.2) μm;石腊颗粒:d_s为0.4 μm,尺寸分布为(0.045~2.0) μm。
42 CFR 84《美国呼吸护具标准》	美国	同GB 2626—2006
AS/NZS 1716: 2012《呼吸保护装置》	澳大利亚/ 新西兰	NaCl颗粒:MMD为(0.3~0.6) μm,尺寸分布为(0.02~2.0) μm。

样品层数	过滤效率/%	阻力/Pa
1	42.800	86
2	67.200	164
3	81.200	241
4	89.400	317
5	94.460	404
6	96.610	474
7	98.070	555
8	98.920	624
9	99.360	697
10	99.643	775
11	99.803	852
12	99.888	924
13	99.935	991
14	99.962	1 061
15	99.979	1 140
16	99.988	1 203

口罩过滤效率检测用颗粒物粒径的换算和标准比对

Particle size conversion for mask filter efficiency test and comparability of different standards

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